The attached image contains encyclopedia passages rendered as a bitmap: monospace pixel font, {cols} characters per row, {rows} rows, read left-to-right then top-to-bottom. Original paragraph breaks were collapsed to spaces.

The left margin of the image is a row-number ruler, not part of the text: every 5th row is labeled with its row index in blue digits (0, 5, 10, ..., {last_label}). Rows are numbered from 0 at the top. Use the ruler to address regions of the image like line numbers in a file.

Questions follow after the image. Do NOT transcribe the image. For each question:
1. Locate the relevant region first (skim for the topic, use the blue ruler to pin down the row range).
2. Read ONLY that narrow band of rows carefully.
3. Answer from what you read there.

- Give short extractive answers: a word or phrase copied from the text.
- If you cannot read the relevant region well enough to answer, reply exactly UNREADABLE for that question.
- Output a numbered list, one line per question, in exactly this form: `N. <answer> | row≈<R>` where <R> is the ruler row where you found the answer.
- No other commentary.
