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<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN" "document-v20.dtd">

<document>
    <header>
        <title>The New Halloween Document</title>
        <authors>
            <person email="acoliver2@users.sourceforge.net" name="Andrew C. Oliver" id="AO"/>
            <person email="user@poi.apache.org" name="Glen Stampoultzis" id="GJS"/>
            <person email="nick@apache.org" name="Nick Burch" id="NB"/>
            <person email="sergeikozello@mail.ru" name="Sergei Kozello" id="SK"/>
        </authors>
    </header>
  <body>
    <section><title>How to use the HSSF API</title>

        <section><title>Capabilities</title>
            <p>This release of the how-to outlines functionality for the
            current svn trunk.
            Those looking for information on previous releases should
            look in the documentation distributed with that release.</p>
            <p>
              HSSF allows numeric, string, date or formula cell values to be written to
              or read from an XLS file. Also
              in this release is row and column sizing, cell styling (bold,
              italics, borders,etc), and support for both built-in and user
	      defined data formats.  Also available is
              an event-based API for reading XLS files.
              It differs greatly from the read/write API
              and is intended for intermediate developers who need a smaller
              memory footprint.
              </p>
        </section>
        <section><title>Different APIs</title>
           <p>There are a few different ways to access the HSSF API. These
              have different characteristics, so you should read up on
              all to select the best for you.</p>
           <ul>
             <li><a href="#user_api">User API (HSSF and XSSF)</a></li>
             <li><a href="#event_api">Event API (HSSF Only)</a></li>
             <li><a href="#record_aware_event_api">Event API with extensions to be Record Aware (HSSF Only)</a></li>
             <li><a href="#xssf_sax_api">XSSF and SAX (Event API)</a></li>
             <li><a href="#sxssf">SXSSF (Streaming User API)</a></li>
             <li><a href="#low_level_api">Low Level API</a></li>
           </ul>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section><title>General Use</title>
        <anchor id="user_api" />
        <section><title>User API (HSSF and XSSF)</title>
                <section><title>Writing a new file</title>

                    <p>The high level API (package: org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel)
                    is what most people should use. Usage is very simple.
                    </p>
                    <p>Workbooks are created by creating an instance of
                    org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook. Either create
                    a concrete class directly
                    (org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook or
                     org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook), or use
                    the handy factory class
                    org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory.
                    </p>
                    <p>Sheets are created by calling createSheet() from an existing
                    instance of Workbook, the created sheet is automatically added in
                    sequence to the workbook. Sheets do not in themselves have a sheet
                    name (the tab at the bottom); you set
                    the name associated with a sheet by calling
                    Workbook.setSheetName(sheetindex,&quot;SheetName&quot;,encoding).
                    For HSSF, the name may be in 8bit format
                    (HSSFWorkbook.ENCODING_COMPRESSED_UNICODE)
                    or Unicode (HSSFWorkbook.ENCODING_UTF_16). Default
                    encoding for HSSF is 8bit per char. For XSSF, the name
                    is automatically handled as unicode.
                    </p>
                    <p>Rows are created by calling createRow(rowNumber) from an existing
                    instance of Sheet. Only rows that have cell values should be
                    added to the sheet. To set the row's height, you just call
                    setRowHeight(height) on the row object. The height must be given in
                    twips, or 1/20th of a point. If you prefer, there is also a
                    setRowHeightInPoints method.
                    </p>
                    <p>Cells are created by calling createCell(column, type) from an
                    existing Row. Only cells that have values should be added to the
                    row. Cells should have their cell type set to either
                    Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC or Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING depending on
                    whether they contain a numeric or textual value. Cells must also have
                    a value set. Set the value by calling setCellValue with either a
                    String or double as a parameter. Individual cells do not have a
                    width; you must call setColumnWidth(colindex, width) (use units of
                    1/256th of a character) on the Sheet object. (You can't do it on
                    an individual basis in the GUI either).</p>
                    <p>Cells are styled with CellStyle objects which in turn contain
                    a reference to an Font object. These are created via the
                    Workbook object by calling createCellStyle() and createFont().
                    Once you create the object you must set its parameters (colors,
                    borders, etc). To set a font for an CellStyle call
                    setFont(fontobj).
                    </p>
                    <p>Once you have generated your workbook, you can write it out by
                    calling write(outputStream) from your instance of Workbook, passing
                    it an OutputStream (for instance, a FileOutputStream or
                    ServletOutputStream). You must close the OutputStream yourself. HSSF
                    does not close it for you.
                    </p>
                    <p>Here is some example code (excerpted and adapted from
                    org.apache.poi.hssf.dev.HSSF test class):</p>
<source><![CDATA[
short rownum;

// create a new file
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
// create a new workbook
Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
// create a new sheet
Sheet s = wb.createSheet();
// declare a row object reference
Row r = null;
// declare a cell object reference
Cell c = null;
// create 3 cell styles
CellStyle cs = wb.createCellStyle();
CellStyle cs2 = wb.createCellStyle();
CellStyle cs3 = wb.createCellStyle();
DataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
// create 2 fonts objects
Font f = wb.createFont();
Font f2 = wb.createFont();

//set font 1 to 12 point type
f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
//make it blue
f.setColor( (short)0xc );
// make it bold
//arial is the default font
f.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);

//set font 2 to 10 point type
f2.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);
//make it red
f2.setColor( (short)Font.COLOR_RED );
//make it bold
f2.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);

f2.setStrikeout( true );

//set cell stlye
cs.setFont(f);
//set the cell format
cs.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("#,##0.0"));

//set a thin border
cs2.setBorderBottom(cs2.BORDER_THIN);
//fill w fg fill color
cs2.setFillPattern((short) CellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
//set the cell format to text see DataFormat for a full list
cs2.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("text"));

// set the font
cs2.setFont(f2);

// set the sheet name in Unicode
wb.setSheetName(0, "\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F " +
                   "\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u043A\u0430" );
// in case of plain ascii
// wb.setSheetName(0, "HSSF Test");
// create a sheet with 30 rows (0-29)
int rownum;
for (rownum = (short) 0; rownum < 30; rownum++)
{
    // create a row
    r = s.createRow(rownum);
    // on every other row
    if ((rownum % 2) == 0)
    {
        // make the row height bigger  (in twips - 1/20 of a point)
        r.setHeight((short) 0x249);
    }

    //r.setRowNum(( short ) rownum);
    // create 10 cells (0-9) (the += 2 becomes apparent later
    for (short cellnum = (short) 0; cellnum < 10; cellnum += 2)
    {
        // create a numeric cell
        c = r.createCell(cellnum);
        // do some goofy math to demonstrate decimals
        c.setCellValue(rownum * 10000 + cellnum
                + (((double) rownum / 1000)
                + ((double) cellnum / 10000)));

        String cellValue;

        // create a string cell (see why += 2 in the
        c = r.createCell((short) (cellnum + 1));

        // on every other row
        if ((rownum % 2) == 0)
        {
            // set this cell to the first cell style we defined
            c.setCellStyle(cs);
            // set the cell's string value to "Test"
            c.setCellValue( "Test" );
        }
        else
        {
            c.setCellStyle(cs2);
            // set the cell's string value to "\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442"
            c.setCellValue( "\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442" );
        }


        // make this column a bit wider
        s.setColumnWidth((short) (cellnum + 1), (short) ((50 * 8) / ((double) 1 / 20)));
    }
}

//draw a thick black border on the row at the bottom using BLANKS
// advance 2 rows
rownum++;
rownum++;

r = s.createRow(rownum);

// define the third style to be the default
// except with a thick black border at the bottom
cs3.setBorderBottom(cs3.BORDER_THICK);

//create 50 cells
for (short cellnum = (short) 0; cellnum < 50; cellnum++)
{
    //create a blank type cell (no value)
    c = r.createCell(cellnum);
    // set it to the thick black border style
    c.setCellStyle(cs3);
}

//end draw thick black border


// demonstrate adding/naming and deleting a sheet
// create a sheet, set its title then delete it
s = wb.createSheet();
wb.setSheetName(1, "DeletedSheet");
wb.removeSheetAt(1);
//end deleted sheet

// write the workbook to the output stream
// close our file (don't blow out our file handles
wb.write(out);
out.close();
        ]]></source>
        </section>
        <section><title>Reading or modifying an existing file</title>

<p>Reading in a file is equally simple. To read in a file, create a
new instance of org.apache.poi.poifs.Filesystem, passing in an open InputStream, such as a FileInputStream
for your XLS, to the constructor. Construct a new instance of
org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook passing the
Filesystem instance to the constructor. From there you have access to
all of the high level model objects through their assessor methods
(workbook.getSheet(sheetNum), sheet.getRow(rownum), etc).
</p>
<p>Modifying the file you have read in is simple. You retrieve the
object via an assessor method, remove it via a parent object's remove
method (sheet.removeRow(hssfrow)) and create objects just as you
would if creating a new xls. When you are done modifying cells just
call workbook.write(outputstream) just as you did above.</p>
<p>An example of this can be seen in
<a href="https://github.com/apache/poi/tree/trunk/poi-examples/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/examples/hssf/usermodel/HSSFReadWrite.java">org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.examples.HSSFReadWrite</a>.</p>
         </section>
        </section>

        <anchor id="event_api" />
        <section><title>Event API (HSSF Only)</title>

          <p>The event API is newer than the User API.  It is intended for intermediate
             developers who are willing to learn a little bit of the low level API
             structures.  Its relatively simple to use, but requires a basic
             understanding of the parts of an Excel file (or willingness to
             learn).  The advantage provided is that you can read an XLS with a
             relatively small memory footprint.
          </p>
          <p>One important thing to note with the basic Event API is that it
             triggers events only for things actually stored within the file.
             With the XLS file format, it is quite common for things that
             have yet to be edited to simply not exist in the file. This means
             there may well be apparent "gaps" in the record stream, which
             you either need to work around, or use the
             <a href="#record_aware_event_api">Record Aware</a> extension
             to the Event API.</p>
          <p>To use this API you construct an instance of
			 org.apache.poi.hssf.eventmodel.HSSFRequest. Register a class you
 			 create that supports the
 			 org.apache.poi.hssf.eventmodel.HSSFListener interface using the
 			 HSSFRequest.addListener(yourlistener, recordsid).  The recordsid
			 should be a static reference number (such as BOFRecord.sid) contained
			 in the classes in org.apache.poi.hssf.record.  The trick is you
			 have to know what these records are.  Alternatively you can call
			 HSSFRequest.addListenerForAllRecords(mylistener).  In order to learn
			 about these records you can either read all of the javadoc in the
			 org.apache.poi.hssf.record package or you can just hack up a
			 copy of org.apache.poi.hssf.dev.EFHSSF and adapt it to your
			 needs.  TODO: better documentation on records.</p>
                    <p>Once you've registered your listeners in the HSSFRequest object
                    you can construct an instance of
                    org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.FileSystem (see POIFS howto) and
                    pass it your XLS file inputstream.  You can either pass this, along
                    with the request you constructed, to an instance of HSSFEventFactory
                    via the HSSFEventFactory.processWorkbookEvents(request, Filesystem)
                    method, or you can get an instance of DocumentInputStream from
                    Filesystem.createDocumentInputStream(&quot;Workbook&quot;) and pass
                    it to HSSFEventFactory.processEvents(request, inputStream).  Once you
                    make this call, the listeners that you constructed receive calls to
                    their processRecord(Record) methods with each Record they are
                    registered to listen for until the file has been completely read.
                    </p>
                    <p>A code excerpt from org.apache.poi.hssf.dev.EFHSSF (which is
                    in CVS or the source distribution) is reprinted below with excessive
                    comments:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
/**
 * This example shows how to use the event API for reading a file.
 */
public class EventExample
        implements HSSFListener
{
    private SSTRecord sstrec;

    /**
     * This method listens for incoming records and handles them as required.
     * @param record    The record that was found while reading.
     */
    public void processRecord(Record record)
    {
        switch (record.getSid())
        {
            // the BOFRecord can represent either the beginning of a sheet or the workbook
            case BOFRecord.sid:
                BOFRecord bof = (BOFRecord) record;
                if (bof.getType() == bof.TYPE_WORKBOOK)
                {
                    System.out.println("Encountered workbook");
                    // assigned to the class level member
                } else if (bof.getType() == bof.TYPE_WORKSHEET)
                {
                    System.out.println("Encountered sheet reference");
                }
                break;
            case BoundSheetRecord.sid:
                BoundSheetRecord bsr = (BoundSheetRecord) record;
                System.out.println("New sheet named: " + bsr.getSheetname());
                break;
            case RowRecord.sid:
                RowRecord rowrec = (RowRecord) record;
                System.out.println("Row found, first column at "
                        + rowrec.getFirstCol() + " last column at " + rowrec.getLastCol());
                break;
            case NumberRecord.sid:
                NumberRecord numrec = (NumberRecord) record;
                System.out.println("Cell found with value " + numrec.getValue()
                        + " at row " + numrec.getRow() + " and column " + numrec.getColumn());
                break;
                // SSTRecords store an array of unique strings used in Excel.
            case SSTRecord.sid:
                sstrec = (SSTRecord) record;
                for (int k = 0; k < sstrec.getNumUniqueStrings(); k++)
                {
                    System.out.println("String table value " + k + " = " + sstrec.getString(k));
                }
                break;
            case LabelSSTRecord.sid:
                LabelSSTRecord lrec = (LabelSSTRecord) record;
                System.out.println("String cell found with value "
                        + sstrec.getString(lrec.getSSTIndex()));
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Read an excel file and spit out what we find.
     *
     * @param args      Expect one argument that is the file to read.
     * @throws IOException  When there is an error processing the file.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        // create a new file input stream with the input file specified
        // at the command line
        FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
        // create a new org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.Filesystem
        POIFSFileSystem poifs = new POIFSFileSystem(fin);
        // get the Workbook (excel part) stream in a InputStream
        InputStream din = poifs.createDocumentInputStream("Workbook");
        // construct out HSSFRequest object
        HSSFRequest req = new HSSFRequest();
        // lazy listen for ALL records with the listener shown above
        req.addListenerForAllRecords(new EventExample());
        // create our event factory
        HSSFEventFactory factory = new HSSFEventFactory();
        // process our events based on the document input stream
        factory.processEvents(req, din);
        // once all the events are processed close our file input stream
        fin.close();
        // and our document input stream (don't want to leak these!)
        din.close();
        System.out.println("done.");
    }
}
]]></source>
     </section>

     <anchor id="record_aware_event_api" />
     <section><title>Record Aware Event API (HSSF Only)</title>
<p>
This is an extension to the normal
<a href="#event_api">Event API</a>. With this, your listener
will be called with extra, dummy records. These dummy records should
alert you to records which aren't present in the file (eg cells that have
yet to be edited), and allow you to handle these.
</p>
<p>
There are three dummy records that your HSSFListener will be called with:
</p>
<ul>
 <li>org.apache.poi.hssf.eventusermodel.dummyrecord.MissingRowDummyRecord
   <br />
   This is called during the row record phase (which typically occurs before
   the cell records), and indicates that the row record for the given
   row is not present in the file.</li>
 <li>org.apache.poi.hssf.eventusermodel.dummyrecord.MissingCellDummyRecord
   <br />
   This is called during the cell record phase. It is called when a cell
   record is encountered which leaves a gap between it an the previous one.
   You can get multiple of these, before the real cell record.</li>
 <li>org.apache.poi.hssf.eventusermodel.dummyrecord.LastCellOfRowDummyRecord
   <br />
   This is called after the last cell of a given row. It indicates that there
   are no more cells for the row, and also tells you how many cells you have
   had. For a row with no cells, this will be the only record you get.</li>
</ul>
<p>
To use the Record Aware Event API, you should create an
org.apache.poi.hssf.eventusermodel.MissingRecordAwareHSSFListener, and pass
it your HSSFListener. Then, register the MissingRecordAwareHSSFListener
to the event model, and start that as normal.
</p>
<p>
One example use for this API is to write a CSV outputter, which always
outputs a minimum number of columns, even where the file doesn't contain
some of the rows or cells. It can be found at
<code>/poi-examples/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/examples/hssf/eventusermodel/XLS2CSVmra.java</code>,
and may be called on the command line, or from within your own code.
The latest version is always available from
<a href="https://github.com/apache/poi/tree/trunk/poi-examples/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/examples/hssf/eventusermodel/">git</a>.
</p>
<p>
<em>In POI versions before 3.0.3, this code lived in the scratchpad section.
 If you're using one of these older versions of POI, you will either
 need to include the scratchpad jar on your classpath, or build from a</em>
 <a href="site:git">git checkout</a>.
</p>
     </section>

     <anchor id="xssf_sax_api"/>
     <section><title>XSSF and SAX (Event API)</title>

	 <p>If memory footprint is an issue, then for XSSF, you can get at
      the underlying XML data, and process it yourself. This is intended
      for intermediate developers who are willing to learn a little bit of
      low level structure of .xlsx files, and who are happy processing
      XML in java. Its relatively simple to use, but requires a basic
      understanding of the file structure. The advantage provided is that
      you can read a XLSX file with a relatively small memory footprint.
     </p>
     <p>One important thing to note with the basic Event API is that it
       triggers events only for things actually stored within the file.
       With the XLSX file format, it is quite common for things that
       have yet to be edited to simply not exist in the file. This means
       there may well be apparent "gaps" in the record stream, which
       you need to work around.</p>
     <p>To use this API you construct an instance of
       org.apache.poi.xssf.eventmodel.XSSFReader. This will optionally
       provide a nice interface on the shared strings table, and the styles.
       It provides methods to get the raw xml data from the rest of the
       file, which you will then pass to SAX.</p>
     <p>This example shows how to get at a single known sheet, or at
       all sheets in the file. It is based on the example in
       <a href="https://github.com/apache/poi/tree/trunk/poi-examples/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/examples/xssf/eventusermodel/FromHowTo.java">svn
       poi-examples/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/examples/xssf/eventusermodel/FromHowTo.java</a></p>
<source><![CDATA[
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Iterator;

import org.apache.poi.util.XMLHelper;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.eventusermodel.XSSFReader;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.model.SharedStringsTable;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

public class ExampleEventUserModel {
    public void processOneSheet(String filename) throws Exception {
        OPCPackage pkg = OPCPackage.open(filename);
        XSSFReader r = new XSSFReader( pkg );
        SharedStringsTable sst = r.getSharedStringsTable();

        XMLReader parser = fetchSheetParser(sst);

        // To look up the Sheet Name / Sheet Order / rID,
        //  you need to process the core Workbook stream.
        // Normally it's of the form rId# or rSheet#
        InputStream sheet2 = r.getSheet("rId2");
        InputSource sheetSource = new InputSource(sheet2);
        parser.parse(sheetSource);
        sheet2.close();
    }

    public void processAllSheets(String filename) throws Exception {
        OPCPackage pkg = OPCPackage.open(filename);
        XSSFReader r = new XSSFReader( pkg );
        SharedStringsTable sst = r.getSharedStringsTable();

        XMLReader parser = fetchSheetParser(sst);

        Iterator<InputStream> sheets = r.getSheetsData();
        while(sheets.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println("Processing new sheet:\n");
            InputStream sheet = sheets.next();
            InputSource sheetSource = new InputSource(sheet);
            parser.parse(sheetSource);
            sheet.close();
            System.out.println("");
        }
    }

    public XMLReader fetchSheetParser(SharedStringsTable sst) throws SAXException, ParserConfigurationException {
        XMLReader parser = XMLHelper.newXMLReader();
        ContentHandler handler = new SheetHandler(sst);
        parser.setContentHandler(handler);
        return parser;
    }

    /**
     * See org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler javadocs
     */
    private static class SheetHandler extends DefaultHandler {
        private SharedStringsTable sst;
        private String lastContents;
        private boolean nextIsString;

        private SheetHandler(SharedStringsTable sst) {
            this.sst = sst;
        }

        public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String name,
                                 Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
            // c => cell
            if(name.equals("c")) {
                // Print the cell reference
                System.out.print(attributes.getValue("r") + " - ");
                // Figure out if the value is an index in the SST
                String cellType = attributes.getValue("t");
                if(cellType != null && cellType.equals("s")) {
                    nextIsString = true;
                } else {
                    nextIsString = false;
                }
            }
            // Clear contents cache
            lastContents = "";
        }

        public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String name)
                throws SAXException {
            // Process the last contents as required.
            // Do now, as characters() may be called more than once
            if(nextIsString) {
                int idx = Integer.parseInt(lastContents);
                lastContents = sst.getItemAt(idx).getString();
                nextIsString = false;
            }

            // v => contents of a cell
            // Output after we've seen the string contents
            if(name.equals("v")) {
                System.out.println(lastContents);
            }
        }

        public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) {
            lastContents += new String(ch, start, length);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExampleEventUserModel example = new ExampleEventUserModel();
        example.processOneSheet(args[0]);
        example.processAllSheets(args[0]);
    }
}
]]></source>
    <p>
   For a fuller example, including support for fetching number formatting
   information and applying it to numeric cells (eg to format dates or
   percentages), please see
   <a href="https://github.com/apache/poi/tree/trunk/poi-examples/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/examples/xssf/eventusermodel/XLSX2CSV.java">the XLSX2CSV example in svn</a>
    </p>
    <p>An example is also <a href="https://github.com/apache/poi/tree/trunk/poi-examples/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/examples/xssf/streaming/HybridStreaming.java">provided</a>
     showing how to combine the user API and the SAX API by doing a streaming parse
    of larger worksheets and a traditional user-model parse of the rest of a workbook.</p>
     </section>
     <anchor id="sxssf"/>
     <section><title>SXSSF (Streaming Usermodel API)</title>
    <p>
    SXSSF (package: org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming)  is an API-compatible streaming extension of XSSF to be used when
    very large spreadsheets have to be produced, and heap space is limited.
    SXSSF achieves its low memory footprint by limiting access to the rows that
    are within a sliding window, while XSSF gives access to all rows in the
    document. Older rows that are no longer in the window become inaccessible,
    as they are written to the disk.
    </p>
    <p>
    You can specify the window size at workbook construction time via <em>new SXSSFWorkbook(int windowSize)</em>
    or you can set it per-sheet via <em>SXSSFSheet#setRandomAccessWindowSize(int windowSize)</em>
    </p>
    <p>
    When a new row is created via createRow() and the total number
    of unflushed records would exceed the specified window size, then the
    row with the lowest index value is flushed and cannot be accessed
    via getRow() anymore.
    </p>
    <p>
     The default window size is <em>100</em> and defined by SXSSFWorkbook.DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE.
    </p>
    <p>
    A windowSize of -1 indicates unlimited access. In this case all
    records that have not been flushed by a call to flushRows() are available
    for random access.
    </p>
   <p>
   Note that SXSSF allocates temporary files that you <strong>must</strong> always clean up explicitly, by calling the dispose method.
   </p>
    <p>
    SXSSFWorkbook defaults to using inline strings instead of a shared strings
    table. This is very efficient, since no document content needs to be kept in
    memory, but is also known to produce documents that are incompatible with
    some clients. With shared strings enabled all unique strings in the document
    has to be kept in memory. Depending on your document content this could use
    a lot more resources than with shared strings disabled.
    </p>
    <p>
    Please note that there are still things that still may consume a large
    amount of memory based on which features you are using, e.g. merged regions,
    hyperlinks, comments, ... are still only stored in memory and thus may require a lot of
    memory if used extensively.
    </p>
    <p>
    Carefully review your memory budget and compatibility needs before deciding
    whether to enable shared strings or not.
    </p>
    <p> The example below writes a sheet with a window of 100 rows. When the row count reaches 101,
        the row with rownum=0 is flushed to disk and removed from memory, when rownum reaches 102 then the row with rownum=1 is flushed, etc.
    </p>


<source><![CDATA[
import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        SXSSFWorkbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook(100); // keep 100 rows in memory, exceeding rows will be flushed to disk
        Sheet sh = wb.createSheet();
        for(int rownum = 0; rownum < 1000; rownum++){
            Row row = sh.createRow(rownum);
            for(int cellnum = 0; cellnum < 10; cellnum++){
                Cell cell = row.createCell(cellnum);
                String address = new CellReference(cell).formatAsString();
                cell.setCellValue(address);
            }

        }

        // Rows with rownum < 900 are flushed and not accessible
        for(int rownum = 0; rownum < 900; rownum++){
          Assert.assertNull(sh.getRow(rownum));
        }

        // ther last 100 rows are still in memory
        for(int rownum = 900; rownum < 1000; rownum++){
            Assert.assertNotNull(sh.getRow(rownum));
        }

        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("/temp/sxssf.xlsx");
        wb.write(out);
        out.close();

        // dispose of temporary files backing this workbook on disk
        wb.dispose();
    }


]]></source>
<p>The next example turns off auto-flushing (windowSize=-1) and the code manually controls how portions of data are written to disk</p>
<source><![CDATA[
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        SXSSFWorkbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook(-1); // turn off auto-flushing and accumulate all rows in memory
        Sheet sh = wb.createSheet();
        for(int rownum = 0; rownum < 1000; rownum++){
            Row row = sh.createRow(rownum);
            for(int cellnum = 0; cellnum < 10; cellnum++){
                Cell cell = row.createCell(cellnum);
                String address = new CellReference(cell).formatAsString();
                cell.setCellValue(address);
            }

           // manually control how rows are flushed to disk
           if(rownum % 100 == 0) {
                ((SXSSFSheet)sh).flushRows(100); // retain 100 last rows and flush all others

                // ((SXSSFSheet)sh).flushRows() is a shortcut for ((SXSSFSheet)sh).flushRows(0),
                // this method flushes all rows
           }

        }

        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("/temp/sxssf.xlsx");
        wb.write(out);
        out.close();

        // dispose of temporary files backing this workbook on disk
        wb.dispose();
   }


]]></source>
<p>SXSSF flushes sheet data in temporary files (a temp file per sheet) and the size of these temporary files
can grow to a very large value. For example, for a 20 MB csv data the size of the temp xml becomes more than a gigabyte.
If the size of the temp files is an issue, you can tell SXSSF to use gzip compression:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
  SXSSFWorkbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook();
  wb.setCompressTempFiles(true); // temp files will be gzipped

]]></source>
     </section>

     <anchor id="low_level_api" />
     <section><title>Low Level APIs</title>

<p>The low level API is not much to look at. It consists of lots of
&quot;Records&quot; in the org.apache.poi.hssf.record.* package,
and set of helper classes in org.apache.poi.hssf.model.*. The
record classes are consistent with the low level binary structures
inside a BIFF8 file (which is embedded in a POIFS file system). You
probably need the book: &quot;Microsoft Excel 97 Developer's Kit&quot;
from Microsoft Press in order to understand how these fit together
(out of print but easily obtainable from Amazon's used books). In
order to gain a good understanding of how to use the low level APIs
should view the source in org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.* and
the classes in org.apache.poi.hssf.model.*. You should read the
documentation for the POIFS libraries as well.</p>
     </section>
                <section><title>Generating XLS from XML</title>
<p>If you wish to generate an XLS file from some XML, it is possible to
write your own XML processing code, then use the User API to write out
the document.</p>
<p>The other option is to use <a href="https://cocoon.apache.org/">Cocoon</a>.
In Cocoon, there is the <a href="https://cocoon.apache.org/2.1/userdocs/xls-serializer.html">HSSF Serializer</a>,
which takes in XML (in the gnumeric format), and outputs an XLS file for you.</p>
     </section>
                <section><title>HSSF Class/Test Application</title>

<p>The HSSF application is nothing more than a test for the high
level API (and indirectly the low level support). The main body of
its code is repeated above. To run it:
</p>
<ul>
    <li>download the poi-alpha build and untar it (tar xvzf
    tarball.tar.gz)
    </li>
    <li>set up your classpath as follows:
    <code>export HSSFDIR={wherever you put HSSF's jar files}
export LOG4JDIR={wherever you put LOG4J's jar files}
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HSSFDIR/hssf.jar:$HSSFDIR/poi-poifs.jar:$HSSFDIR/poi-util.jar:$LOG4JDIR/log4j.jar</code>
    </li><li>type:
    <code>java org.apache.poi.hssf.dev.HSSF ~/myxls.xls write</code></li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>This should generate a test sheet in your home directory called <code>&quot;myxls.xls&quot;</code>.  </p>
<ul>
    <li>Type:
    <code>java org.apache.poi.hssf.dev.HSSF ~/input.xls output.xls</code>
    <br/>
    <br/>
This is the read/write/modify test.  It reads in the spreadsheet, modifies a cell, and writes it back out.
Failing this test is not necessarily a bad thing.  If HSSF tries to modify a non-existant sheet then this will
most likely fail.  No big deal.  </li>
</ul>
     </section>
    <section><title>HSSF Developer's Tools</title>

<p>HSSF has a number of tools useful for developers to debug/develop
stuff using HSSF (and more generally XLS files). We've already
discussed the app for testing HSSF read/write/modify capabilities;
now we'll talk a bit about BiffViewer. Early on in the development of
HSSF, it was decided that knowing what was in a record, what was
wrong with it, etc. was virtually impossible with the available
tools. So we developed BiffViewer. You can find it at
org.apache.poi.hssf.dev.BiffViewer. It performs two basic
functions and a derivative.
</p>
<p>The first is &quot;biffview&quot;. To do this you run it (assumes
you have everything setup in your classpath and that you know what
you're doing enough to be thinking about this) with an xls file as a
parameter. It will give you a listing of all understood records with
their data and a list of not-yet-understood records with no data
(because it doesn't know how to interpret them). This listing is
useful for several things. First, you can look at the values and SEE
what is wrong in quasi-English. Second, you can send the output to a
file and compare it.
</p>
<p>The second function is &quot;big freakin dump&quot;, just pass a
file and a second argument matching &quot;bfd&quot; exactly. This
will just make a big hexdump of the file.
</p>
<p>Lastly, there is &quot;mixed&quot; mode which does the same as
regular biffview, only it includes hex dumps of certain records
intertwined. To use that just pass a file with a second argument
matching &quot;on&quot; exactly.</p>
<p>In the next release cycle we'll also have something called a
FormulaViewer. The class is already there, but its not very useful
yet. When it does something, we'll document it.</p>

     </section>
                <section><title>What's Next?</title>

<p>Further effort on HSSF is going to focus on the following major areas: </p>
<ul>
<li>Performance:  POI currently uses a lot of memory for large sheets.</li>
<li>Charts: This is a hard problem, with very little documentation.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="site:guidelines"> So jump in! </a> </p>

     </section>

</section>
</body>
</document>
