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    001.Ԭ
    002.d˸Ʒʵķ
    003.Ľ˼뼰
    004.ɣ˺ͽ˶
    005.ʹ籸ʲôʱ
    006.
    007.ء 
    008.εʼ
    009.νƳ
    010.ͬµδЧЧ
    011.װټ
    012.ԡļ׺Ͽ

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    Ȿʷ񡷣ʮƪ֣ʮһйʷĺǵһ֡һƪǡĽ˼뼰ʮ꣨1952꣩һ꼶ʱдģһƪǡװټ𣿡ǽ4дģѾʮˡʮƪֵд䲻ͬǻʷģҰռһ

    дʱǰʮϣ˼ͷѵҲв̣ͬĲֺܴͳ˼·ӰżȻ޷⡣ҰȫˣΪǾҸʷϵҪɡ

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Ԭ

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    Ԭ׵ʷҪ£

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    רʱ֮У˹֮档˶Ң˴ɾ֮Ϊƽ̫ƽ֮С֮ϣԴ֮ͬ壬䵼ԴԶ˼ϣ˻壬ּܷ꣬΢ԣöн֮֡

    ӣΪʦȽʻ͵֮գ࿪ѡ֮ʼν֮Ķ֮ĺ׼ߣͳ֤ǧ֮ʷѧ֮˵Ȼ֪֮ˣ֮Ҳ

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    ڶˣᳫ׽̣ȴ˵ᳫڽ̿ɱȡǶЦ£

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    Reginald F. JohnstonConfucianism and Modern Chinaһĵ152154ҳдYuan Shih-k'aiin his inaugural address, on October 1Oth, 1913, confessed his devotion to the old traditions of his country,and declared that he immortal traditions and preceptsof Confucianism must not be lightly swept into oblivion.

    There is no reason to doubt the sincerity of Yuan Shih-k'ai's homage to Confucius and his teachings, but Yuan himself was distrusted-with very good reason. both by monarchists and by republicansand his patronage did the cause of Confucianism more harm than good, In his hands, the Confucian system was merely a political instrucment. He hoped by its aid to pave his way to the Throne, and there is no doubt that the use he made of it tended to discredit Confucianism in republican circles and to strengthen the belief that the Confucian system and the institution of monarchy rose or fell together.

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d˸Ʒʵķ

    ĳá˸ѧķdġ˸ƷʡPersonality traitsһʷڴ˷ֻ̡ܹ֮á

    dǺޭˡʷһddޭˡʵӦںޭݵĹأʡ־־Ĵϧȫǽڳʷͨ־һ־һѡٱһdˣʷޭˡԿĻѧʿд

    ʱ־striving for superiorityΪԣԡϲôԡʷdƶУϲôԡ

    ҶлܽϣʷdΪ¹־ʮġʫС˾ǣƹĹо˵ȻһߣӢۡʵdǡȻһߡ꼱hyperkinesisͳ嶯impulsionëԲŻᷢŹ¼

    С̫Ը񡣡ʷdЯŹºӵ³çȱθСʷd廴

    Ĳšб֣expressionȻðŵ˵ĻġʷdʱԿΪʹd̾ˣ׳֮֮ĻСĳ̾䣬˵ĴѡѩУԿһסɡ

    𣬶Ծ̨˪Ӱк˭ʡ

    ɽįĻ羰ý䡣

    ͩ¶ˣΪ¥ͷš

    ̡Ϥڽ̣۵ΣԣӦԸ

    ʣϣȡ϶ϸʣҪǬԣ

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    ܲףдʼԣinitiativeԻʵۺʶʷd

    ԣʹ޲ȷʵȻڣ˸и񡣡֮壬֮ʿ֮һָּ֮Ϊˣ֮Ϊ顣Ը֮ʿΪһƫأƫڼ佻ǹ֮   

    ۣڣԻۣԲѰɶһ档ȨɣĴʹڱĴʹ֪츮Ĵ죬·תʹ

    ɼʵۺΪˣͼ⣨ۡΪҰĲһΪʷd˵dȫ񻹱书¿ɼμҪԻԸʮ֮꣬أ֮͢Ȼɽ֣֮ԸҲ

    ʵ۱֮ʿɴˣȻƸһþеĻᡣμҪdߣ֮ʿڲߪ֮˴dʱǡ¡ֻ˵һС١

    ƺкıʷd

    ˣūdĴֶʼа֮־

    ɼѡ͹ݣֱʾӦӦԣadaptabilityʷd˵

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    Ҳò諵Ҳϲȫһٱ

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    нconstructive imaginationս۹⣬鰸ƽɽΪݡԵֿɹܵͻϮǴӪɽǵļƻʷd˵

    ȽֵܬQţСǰٲūdͣԻǿӣ踮ˡdȽֵܣ룬֮ͥ񡣱֮Ƚ֮С£ԣdл֮Ϊ磬d֮ƺͷ׷׾Qֵʳѡd΢֮ĬȻdԻǹҴʿ֮

    ոٱԴ֮ʹ˿ΪֵղԣΨԾѻΪɽǳ֮ΣȥѮգdԻĳֵ˼ٰ棬ǸͬҲΪ֮ƣͽݳǺ

    dԾִԻ˫d־ҲδԻʤ֮أĪɽڽĴϴس⣬Լʮڴһͨɽƽ̹ʮȡòߣˡεˣ֮ʮʦԶӣҲdϲԻdɣǳʿ֮ıdԹ鼺첻ıڣڳ벻ι֮گԬQȨǲݣͨ¡֮¡Ϥ֮

    ǹϣdecisionģʾǡԡʷd˵£һȻͬǣΪɣdŭԻǳɣ԰ɣd֮ԤҲӣ˳츮ΣĴϳԼʮΣĴϪضʮ㣨Σϣƶ־ĴʮһԻɽǣΣĴɽɽ֮ϣʮǣɽΪݣǷΪͱΪؼơ

    ԸǲֶΣɱǵһα֣һα֡ЩʾһһܳһȻߡʷdνԻдˣɼиһ

    񱾸ģdʮľӪΣ춨˹Ԫ1259ʤɹžĻǴɹžսϿ壬ɸսڵɽ£ʷd񡢱ܳɼҲк׵

    d֮ҲζͳʵξãΩβƸıӱͣгȡѧʿԿ̼ͨ֡Ա죨1225δܼ֮ߡ

    ΪвŸɡекʧ֮壬湦ʳɣʵȻҪʰ񾡣ءŴοд󳼵أ

    ͨһģ

    dר񣬷裬۲ƽԣԣd֪¾֮ºβ䲻֮۲ԻԫdմȨ֮Үȫdʧʿģزҡ֮¸Ĵ˾ԣdؽگԫdΪѧʿοʷ±ĩģ

    ʵǡʷ˵԰һϦ䡣μҪӶ꣨1254ƣ͢ߣʮжӣпеdd

    dŸɣleadership֯organizing abilityΪֶǷãʧʿġ֮˵ûУɽɺδûСӵҰġοһòƻˡ֪ˣһ汻ᡢƲգǡĶҲˣʷģƵƵȱ棬౦һ档d֮ѳӣڣȡ֮ʶ¡ddǧʦ֮ʷڼ͡Ӷ꣨1254ϣگǰ˧d״ңȡƣʦ񡭡dȫ񻹱ı³Լòףһá״ĿרƵ룬ֽأ

    1962116ҹ93ʱд

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Ľ˼뼰

    
    
    ŦԼ1պڵ磺ѧҼңʮԼʿڽϵڸʱ23ʱǡǿجʱܲһʮǰййӰ졣Ǳֿйģʾ뻳

    DeweyԼJohn19Ҷ18591020գǵķأVermontݵĲ٣Burlingtonǡʮʱ1879꣩ҵڷѧҵԺ俪ʼĽģԺ󣬸Լս˹ѧJohns Hopkins Universityоѧʮʱ1884꣩ѧʿѧλ죬ЪѧUniversity of Michigan)ѧʦʮ꣨1889꣩մѧUniversity of MinnesotaѧΡһֻ꣬صЪѧѧΡʮʱ1894֥꣩ӸѧUniversity of ChicagoѧƺͽƵΡ֥Ӹ紴һѧĳСѧСѧһʵҵʣĿڽʮоõѧ˵顢кʵʩСѧУѧ꣬ʮ겻ȣеѧֳ飬ÿʮˣͬɽСѧˣش鹤ⶨһ֯ûϸƶȺʽеʩ㿪ʼȻĳ顣˺СѧĹģչѧԤơ1902꣬ѧѸԤѧУͽԱʵϰѧУһ鲢ϳΪԺԺ1904꣬ʮʱƸΪŦԼױǴѧColombia Universityѧڣ1931꣬ʮ꣬רݡ

    һЩԵǿɶ֪һλϽңԺĶʮУԾһֱͽӴϣһλڽ֮

    ǶΪˣΪʲôᱻΪΰѧҡ͡Progressive Education֮ΪʲôᱻΪʮΰ֮һ͡Ĵѧ֮һֺԱΪǡʦĽʦTeacher of TeachersҪ˽⼸㣬Ǳ㲻ɲԴĽ˼ѧ˼룺

    ˼ּҵĽ塷My Pedagogic CreedһУʮ꾡⣬Լ߶ˣ

    һʹܽԼܽʱ򣬾ͿʼչΪıĹǱ

    ڶе֪ܶʹչɵһֹߡ

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    ġѧУγ̵ģǿѧѧҲʷأܽԼĻ

    塢ʹαΪ֧˻ġ

    Ǽϵ֯͸쾭顣

    ߡĿһ£Ϊ

    ڶѧ˼룬ǿһصġѧʷеؽѧ˼Ϊɣɡ롢ֱߺԼ塣еĹ壨InstrumentalismԶΪġԪ˵ʿѧ19͵Ŀѧݣɿ׵µʵ֤ѧĵĽۡղķ˹ʵݳɵģǸΪĴʿ˵ʡô˵أΪԴĵĽۺʹ壨Agnosticismղķ˹ʵУ֪أĹ塣˼Զһ˵˸˹Francis Bacon֪ʶKnowledge is PowerԭӰġŷΪ¿ѧı桱ΪѧĿģڡҲ˵ÿѧϵķ뷢֣Դﵽ˶ʤĿġеĽһǧʢˣѧǿѧչеһӳ˼룬ͺɱȤڶӣHumeڿ£ǽѧ⣬ɺ;ɵۡΨۺΨ۵۵ȵȣ󵨵ΪǡԲ֮͡û۵ļֵġΪΪǸ˲˽⡰顱ֵĴΪǰѧӾΪ֪ʶΪľΪ״ľΪķӣ˼;鿴෴ĶȶǴġȴֻѾ鿴ӦδԤδδĶӦ˼Ϊһ¡Ϊڳ֮Уڻ֮Уһ֮ڻǻۡѧ˼ıʡ⣬ԷΪ㣺

    һĺһֹߣݽ۵ļٶѭȻ;ܽΪӦʱĻӰ졣ֽԴٽ

    ڶ֪ʶжĸƷжھ飬Ϊ֪ʶ֮Դ֪ʶֱӻӵԨԴж֮С

    ֪ʶԴ嶯֪ʶȷԴĻҲѰ¡ʳסȵı嶯֪ʶǳȴΪ֪ʶķ顣ˣͯĽزܺ˼ͥӰ졣

    һϣͿԿĽѧ˼ĹͨˣǡָǡѧҲֹһһģ˵ѧǹĽѧ˵

    Ľ˼ѧ˼˵ġǰѾһڽʼվڽĸλϣһʮϣҪ硶ҵĽ塷ѧУͯѧ˼άʵ߼ǻۡȵȣ硶ѧȡѧۡѧоĿѧѧУᡷͯγ̡߼ѧ˵оԭۡѧϵۡζù¹ѧΡյѧУ౾Ϊѧĸ졷ĻȻѧԨԴ顣

    ڣǿ׷һʮǰҹΡ꣨191951ա˶ǰ쵽Ϻ19217²ŷйס¡йڶ꣬ƸΪѧѧڣߵʦоƽѧڡҹĵطݽģӱɽɽաϡ㽭㶫ʮһʡԽѧ߼ѧʷΪ࣬Ҳǹݽڱƽַжʮĳڽ¼ɽϾƽѧݻĸСݽ¼Ҳˡѧ˵ԴйĻӴûһѧй˼Ӱжġǻ˵ĽʮУҲδбѧйӰԱȶġйԭڶ˼йеĴͳ˼ıϵԵʣΨ以ıϣʹĻԷ󡣲Ԫڱƽѧףʿʮ굮ʱ빫԰˵ƣաǵģʵɣָӣĴﲻһɣĴҲһǡʩ̡ɼĽڷչԣӦᣬǾʽרһġ˵ѧ˼裬˼ѧǾ˼벢ص塣˵ɣࣻڴࡣ塣Ҿÿӵʿѧ˵֮ͬ㡣ǶҪıϵ֤ˡ

    й˼ͽҵķչһ籨ûڼ䣬¹͹The New RepublicϸǡAsia־Ϸ˼ʮƪ£ʵ̬绤ͽ͵ġҲʼ˵ġйī硢ձԼȹҲЭǷչҵǡ˲롱ľ˼䡣

    춫׷·Ķް

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ɣ˺ͽ˶

    ĿġбĹҪȥҽȥŵҽе˰ҡҪóֱӵжٳɷַֹɣһк

    ӡһҡ

    ²ׯһθ̸һĴۣͻشһ

    ʮŲڻеʮ׾˵нǿϢһͿô˹˿۲آ٣

    Ĭ˼ŮȤд԰ŮǡǿϢĽСѽģֱһʦԴʹʾ֭оŮһҡĴ⣬дһ顪˿ۡ

    ڡ˿ۡ˹Էֹ˿ڵָ·

    һƣmoral restraint

    vice

    ңmisery

    Եһ㣬ûʲôϣΪ鷢ʹʥҲ⣻Եڶ㣬ʦ۹һС񡱵ĲҪСǲģԣֻϵ㡪ҡһ·ϢĽǻҡƶɱ

    ˹ֱ۵Ҫǿ׶Condorcetֹ۵ģȻֹѽڿջáǲô˵޲˹ӶҪץɱͷ˼ң˿ԭһߡ

    ˹Ϳ׶ⷢ۵Ҳ١Զһͼʿ£һأJohn Graunt£William CodwinҶҪԡʲôأϣ20ǰжͣ

    ֮⣬һǰܷӵģǸ߶ȵĳʺ͸߶ȵʡǰߣƴһһһ˫ںߣҽҩõƣƴǡĳɼ߱Ƶȥ̵ıɱΪ硰ɱ룡ɱӤȵȣЩ󣬼ʹǽТʰġŹҲ޷⣺Ң˴áǹǡɱ룡ϰߵ˵ǰ¡Sedʽġɱ룡ĽڡɱӤinfanticideڡŹ֮ձƾâڣȫҲҲڶһ塣ס̨嵺϶̨ۣı塢Ĳũ壬ִ»ǡе͡أ

    ȫ綼̵Ĺֵʱ20ʹһȼҴֵһѾʮֽ̫̫СɣˡMrs. SangerMargaret Higgins SangerĶΪɽˣҲеɢ˻ɺˣ

    Ҳ

    ɣ˵ءϣ˹Margaret Higgins漮ǰᵽ仧ŦԼĿCorningһҵȴɽˮǳʺһҵľסóЦóʯó뾭ѵң൱Ҫģóʹ˲ŵεδʮһСеĵžδᳫɣˡϧҲĻİְҲʿɶֹأ

    λŵСںӶĵλǳµģڱСﶼڱ޵ʱģȴޣҪԡҪҪʹͶЩŮĴ⣬еͷʹ

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    ܹһʱڵĸŮǵĻοMarion Turner SheehanThe Spiritual Woman

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    һDe Forest, W. Robert, Lawrence VeillerThe Tenement House ProblemŦԼMacmillan 棬1903

    Havelock Ellis Impression and Comments׶Constable棬1921

    Heywood Broun, Margaret LeechAnthony ComstockŦԼBoni棬1927

    ġEmma Goldman Living My LifeŦԼKnopf棬1931

    塢Norman E. Himes The Truth about Birth ControlŦԼDay棬1931

    J. V. CouckeJ. J. Walsh The Sterile Period in Family LifeŦԼWagner棬1933

    ߡMabel Dodge LuhanIntimate MemoriesŦԼHarcourt棬1933

    ˡShidzue Ishimoto Facing Two WaysŦԼFarrar棬1935

    šNormen E. HimesMedical History of Contraception, ĦWood棬1936

    ʮHavelock EllisMy life, ׶Heinemann棬1940

    ʮһMary Beard Woman as a Force in HistoryŦԼMacmillan棬1946

    ʮFrancoise DelisleFriendship's Oddssey׶Heinemann棬1947

    ʮWilliam VogtRoad to SurvialŦԼSloane棬1948

    ʮġSidney DitzionMarriage, Morals and Sex in America,ŦԼBookman棬1953

    ʮ塢Harrison BrownThe Challenge of Man's FutureŦԼViking棬1954

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    ׷𱰻ҡʧ򡢱ֲͬΪֱϵϵҲз޷һ׻׼סΪ飬ڷڻЧֻСзߡšΪ鲻(25)Υֹ涨ģһ߻ۣͳʮĻɡͬռзΪз𱰹ΪԼۡԻзߣν游ĸˡ̡֮ĸ˵ߣ𱰹Ϊһ٣ͳʮĻɡͬռзΪ丸ĸ֮þ̽ã̡̡ĸ֮áùá̼֮ٴ̡ŮŮãΪΥ߸Ҽİ֮Իĸþ̽ã޷Ǹĸ飬𣬹ʲȢ̣ǸĸС̣ڸĸ޷ĸ֮áùãĸ֮С𣻼̼֮ٴ̡ŮνýߣŮã䲢޷Ϊ飬Ϊ𱰻ҡʧΥΪߣһ١ͬΪ£⣬֮λҪ塷ڰʮ̷̷ԼͶ꣨1120¡ʮգӶ·ת˾ࣺɽģŮΪΥһ٣֮ͳ壺Ůϵýߣ޷Ϊ顣ϼֹΪŮΪ飬δٴӽŮ벻ϳɻ飿дɻ̲ꡣɳƼ̼֮ٴ̡ŮΪߣΪĸ֮ͬмףʹ𱰻ҡʧ򣬹ʲΪͳֹŮνýԵڳвȢ֮ٴ̣ٴӾ߻ٴӽŮȢٴ̣죬Ͻֹ֮ʵݱͷɵе롣ŷޡŷҹȫ¼ġʵ¼ī챾ھʷŷ޵áŹӶйǰ֮Ů꣬飬ԾǣԼ֮ɡŷڡлϱнʹµ¿࣬ƶͬĸ֮ףΨһáɥʷУЯŮ顣ϴʱꡭҶ·磬Ե˽ҡ񷽹˽Ȣйþ˻飻ڳѸٴӣŷǼνӣδǣʡ(26)ɼþΪڵʱΪձ飬Ƿֹܽڡб顱cross cousin marriageȴǷġիʣڰˡþΪ顱øŮֵΪ飬񷨲׶಻ͳɡƣĸ֮þ̽á̡̡ĸ֮áùã̼֮ٴ̡ŮŮãΪԻĸþ̽ã޷Ǹĸ飬𣬹ʲȢ̣Ǹĸ󣨰ֵС̣ڸĸ޷ĸ֮áùãĸ֮С𣬼̼֮ٴ̡ŮνýߣŮã䲢޷Ϊ飬Ϊ𱰻ҡʧ֮ʣȻбֵܽһȣڻȢǣڣͰֻ꣨꣬˴غԪ֮Ϊ1118֪꣩Ⱦֿ꣬ΪȢֶŮŮ޴Ӿ֮࣬Ϊסݷ˾ȫġعУнþֵܳɻ֮ߣʧڲϸҲΨκĵʱ⼰ĸֵܽΪ飻گȢͬĸͬΪ檣گĸ飬ƫ֮ƣڴˡ(27)ӦױࡷϡػС಻ȢΪ𱰻ҡʧҲΨþֵܽһȣΪ飬عٲϸߣж֮ȢɲҲҹƣڻʵԹ谣ǹþ˳ɻ顣һ֤Ҳ

    ͬĸ츸Ů

    ĸ׸ļ޺ǰŮŮһǡ(28)ⲻѪԵĹϵΪ׼סڷϣڻЧʡͳʮĻɡͬռзΪϹ涨Ȣͬĸ츸ãԼۣ֮

    ǰ֮ŮΪ

    ǰ֮ŮȻѪԵΪƣfictionѪԵжֵȵĹϵΪ׼סڷϣڻЧͳʮĻɡͬռзΪй涨Ȣǰ֮Ůߣνߡǰ֮Ů׼ˣԼۣ֮ԻȢǰ֮Ůߡעƣνߡνǰ֮ŮȢ֮ߡԴӱǰ֮Ů׼ˡɣǰ֮Ůߣ࡮׼ˡԼۡδ˸ļޣЯǰŮߡ͡|żǡޱӦʧ֮ˣɥ꣬ȢޣˡЯŮ㳤ӣҡ(29)֣СɽļʮĹ־Ĺ־ֽʿNлϣŮN꣬лЯŮʹɺ֮ʮꡣ(30)ԬɺܷڡԬһŮס˵ѸټޣйŮδޣݣиߣ֮ףʹ֮˹֮ңٹ䳤סĸ常֮ң֮䣬಻(31)

    ̻޼Ȣ

    ̻⡱ж˵һ˵ν¶Ϊ̻ȥΪ⡱һ˵ν޷֮ɥ£Բͷν̻֮(32)ͨ͡޷ν̻֮ף̻׸֮⣬֮Ҳ(33)̻ʵָ⣨޷֮ףϵɿ𱰳̴ԡ̻Ϊ׼ףڷϣڻЧͳʮĻɡͬռзΪΪ̻֮޶Ȣߣһ٣檸ȣ֮ԻֵܡֵܡٴֵܡֵܡĴֵܡֶٴֶﲢ֮⣬̻⡣֮ͬ棬ˣʳΪ̻֮ޣϸȢȼȢߣŮһ١̻ߣȰʮơ檸ȣ֮ɴ˿ɼ̵Ӱ֮£ͬղܽ飬ʹͬ檵ĽҲڽֹ֮С

    Ϊ

    ڽ׼֮ǱȻġ˰ʿũ̵ƽ񣻼˰ӻٻū澣ū澡˽ū澣Ů֮Ů֡š䡢̫ˡǵ֣statusͬϣ˵ġ˸Ȩrights to personal existence and freedomɥʧextinction)ˡΪʹϵķϵʹֹϵƻΪ飬Ʊڽֹ֮У˵һϡ׼ϵڻƣclass endogamyڷϣڻЧͳʮĻɡūȢթ檼ȢūȢŮΪߣͽһ룬ŮҼһȣ֮ūȢ֪֮ߣһ٣ϼΪߣǧūΪ˶Ϊߣͽ꣬ū֮ͬԻ˸ɫͬ⣬ϣūȢŮΪߣͽһ룬ŮҼһȣͽһ֮꣬νôūϿơūȢߣͽһ룬֪֪飬һ٣ϼΪߣǧΪūȢŮΪߣģƶϡɡƲߣŮͬɡŹˣ緲һȣūּһȣŹһȣūּһȣūŹɱߣŹɱעƣ˲ū˽Էߣ׼ˡūȢˣͽһ롣ȢŮһȣͽһꡣ֪ߣȾʮϼΪߣͽꡣŮ֪ߣ֪ߣӼԻū澣ˣȢΪ˷ߣ֮ͽ꣬ūȢͽ֮֮꣬ߣ⣬Ը֮Ƹƶ࣬׼ͽߣթۼ߿ƶϡ׼ūթ˶˼ŮΪߣŮŮ֪ߴӼŮթ˶ΪߣŮ֪ߴӲŮ֮˼ŮթΪޣŮһϲߣƲ֪飬֪ͬ鷨ū澵ڱթߣϷӻΪ飬Υһ١ٻȢŮߣ֮ȢٻŮߣӶȡū˽ŮΪߣ׼֪ۡͬ֮Իӻ˾ֹͬ࣬ɵɫȢΪ飬ΥΪ飬һ١ٻȢŮߣ֮νٻ¼˾أ൱ɫޣȢˣΥһ٣ȢٻŮߣӶȣͽһ롣ٻ˽Ůˣģ״Իū澼ͬʲƣ֣Ů˽ˣ׼ƥͽһ꣬ƥһȣ֪Ȣߣū֪ͬߣӻΪµԸ乤ӻٻɫΪ飬ɫȢߣΥȹԱ̫֮ˣͬգߣ׼ˡ䲿ūзߣɣ׼ˡӻٻΪ飬ͬ˹ٻΪ֮Ը֮

    Ȣ

    Ȣǹ񲻻һ֣ڷϣڻЧȢļٹٲȨƵɣѽְmalfeasance in officeķΧ£corruptionȢ檼ŮߣõĴأԼۼӶȣΪȢҲһʱڲѣᣬʼȣνԵö롣ͳʮġɡٻȢȢ檡Ȣ檼ŮߣԼۼӶȣΪȢͬ߸ȣ֮Ի֮ˣ檣˾£Ȣ檼ŮߣԼۼӶȡȢӦԼӼټȣΪȢͬͬȢ֮߸ȡ檼Ůٹ˾ٶȡ֪檷Ȣ檼ŮߣΪԡ֮ߣνԼ檼Ů֮檼Ůɣʲ

    ڹٻȢ

    ڹٻȢҲǹ񲻻һ֣ڷϣڻЧڹߣofficerǼ벿°սҲڽֹУΪһְͳ㰸飻ְͳ㣬ֻʱԴȼٻȢᡣͳʮġɡٻȢ֮٣ȢŮΪߣһ٣ΪȢߣ֮ڹٷǼߣһȣŮҲ֮ԻڹٷǼߡνڲι٣ְͳ㰸飬Ȣ֮ŮȢߣٹһȣŮҲְͳ㣬ʱȢߣͬԸ֮׼عˣ֮գ벿°ս飬Υ⣬֮ϼͳͬ䶨ǰιپӺڹ٣ŷ൱Ըߣڽޡ˾⡶ˮšһΪݽڶʹǿȡŮΪ檼ȡǧš̫֮Իݣδʱ䰲񣿡ԻԻΣԻ޸ܡԻȻȫݰ֮ʹӣȢŮ갲Թˣɱˣΰɣ֮˶˲ңŮֵǮΣԻֵǮšۼٸȡǮŮֱǲ֮ĸΪĸߵͷлԻ²֪Ҳ˴ĸǮţԻǮΪȡҲŮ(34)ӿ֤ʵ뷨ɳ֮ΪʵۣԴȨֶΣѷΪġ

    ٻȢ

    ٻȢҲǹ񲻻һ֣ڷϣڻЧν٣עϵĽͣ˾ͳİ漰ܰյߣΪ٣ְͳʱǲǡֹٻȢĿڷְֹȨǿȢͳʮġɡٻȢ֮٣ȢŮΪߣһ٣ΪȢߣ֮ŮҲ֮Ի֮νְͳߣҪŮΪߣһ٣ΪȢߣһ٣ν׼ϻ֮ңǼ֮ΪȢٹͬǿȢֺȢߣԱ״ӿ֮ԼΪףȢΪӡԸ֮

    ʿ

    ɮȳ˵ĽǱֹģڷϣڻЧ䡷ġԱɡע¼ޣԻףѲŽ̻ͺϻʳ⣬ʳΣֲϷ٣ͻߣԿҲδķ䲻ĽֹԵġı¼ۼĺ֡У̫濪꣨972گ飬Сʿۣмߣǲֹ(35)Ȼ֤δɮ黹ǽֹġ

    Ϊ

    ΥºͷɵΪ߽鲻˷绯ɵϡΪڷڻЧԪࡷʮšɫ黧ȼȢΪߣ֮(36)

    檿Ů澼Ϊ

    檼澼ΪΪ飬ڷϣΪЧν޵Ůˣʿ񡷵ע˵ҲνŮҲ߼Ůֶ淴ӣν֮իʡʮ塶ѵΪͣŮҲǡ¡ƣӭ衣ͬס̡Ի丨࣬˵ҲġƣҲżҽˣ֣ݷѵΪơģǡ񡷣檲֪֮(37)֡򡱣Ϊ檡(38)檵ֲǡעҲڷ˶Ҳֻǽӵ˼檣ҲԼҲ檵δǺձġĻޤ¼ҵ¾ޡʸҵ϶ʺȼҾ檣ҵ֮ס泣Ԫʺ֮ͥԻҵλͨԣξмˣ񸾵Ү(39)ˡīͻϬһɹ٣ʮ࣬ˡѰ߰ף檻֮޼٣ΪȺãȥߣ٣ȥߣա(40)У״Ԫעණʫ֮ġŮʫν檣ȥǨ(41)澵δҲΪձ飬򡶶ի¡ģϼȾ塣(42)Ԫ١¼ţӽ飬һ澡(43)ͥ¼澡(44)ļ־ڰˡ澡ڣУʦҽٹޣһ澡衶־ģ̣Ӿ֮޲޼Ӿ磬һϦΪƾƣҲΪޣ澻ѣɱ֮ʹ޺ְ֮ɡ(45)֮λԶΪ͡ļ־ʮسݡ֣ةӺֶĳڹݣʱչšи˳ݣòĿȡ֣Ϊ檡Իڴ˼УǣΪӣŮȯ䵱ǮΪ֬·ڼ˵δձģٹέθ塷ġƿѷǣԧɢѼɣǧĪ¥Ц顣(46)½ΡμļʮˡĹ־ֱظŹĹ־ŬٰӪˣ֮飬޳ӡֹ֣֮Ը٣Ϊ˹ٰ(47)檼澼Ϊ޿˵һ֡͡󡣡ǡӼǡеġŮ͡󴫡еġ㡱ָζԡǡ򡰶ձ鱻ġԿ½衶ɽʮ־СʢϷĹ־ʢϣˣ꣬֮ŮɽﴫӨɡȢлϣ֮(48)֪ġδСͳʮɡðΪ檣Ϊߣͽꣻ檼ŮΪޣΪߣͽһ룬֮ŮΪߣΪ檡ԻҲؽΪƥͨ˼ٱࡣΪ檣ΪޣΥԼ֮֮򣬵ߵģ񾭣֮ˣ϶ͽ檼ŮΪޣŮν֮ŮתãΪ֮Ϊߣͽһ룬֮ӱɫԻΪΪޣúԻΪͬΪ檣ΪޣͬΪޡԻΪңӣӣΪߣΪ檡Ի澾ΪΪ檡ΪޣкԻߣ£м룬Ⱦȡǣ侭Ϊ񿰳е֮أɼֹΪ檣ǲΪޣɴΪ֮ƣΪ֮˵УҲԿΪ޵ۡs־Ԫ֣⣬Ӷ뷷ˣѤ޹ԱлܣԻͬʧ֮£֣ں֮ˡڼ֮䣬Լϣ뷲ΪˣȰӣ÷ϣΪԻΪޣ³ʷƣ֮ʱͬڿࣻٴ֮١֮˲ϡߣ伧̣ϤغţΨԽ޶ȣӣΪʿ֮Ĭ֮˲(49)

    ȢŮ

    Ůָ岶ߵĸˣ뱳ӵĲͬ(50)ڷϣȢŮڻЧͳʮġɡȢŮȢŮΪ檣֪ͬ߼һȣ֮ޣֻߣ롣ԻŮȢΪ檣֪Ȣ£ͬƣΨ˱Ȣߣǧ֮Ů޷ֻߣϴ롣䲻֪Ȣ׼޷򣬼롣С޷֣ߣ롱һΣעн͵úףһǰŮԭδˣԭ֮ѻԭ⣬˽飻ԹȢۣ롣ǰŮδˣδ⡣ǰŮˣӦ졣עԻһвϣ롯Ҳ

    ػ

    ڷĽṹ£Ϊάֵ֮ʽϵĶƣpolygamyǽֹġʱΪһһǡ֮ơ(51)ɷֻҪΥһһޣmonogamyʽԹ檣ŮһϷˡ޸ȢӰԪĵλҪ⵽ɵƲáڷϣػ飨bigamyڻǻЧػ鳣ܳδػȴڻЧ͵¹񷨹涨ͬδػļ־ġСϪ檡أ˷ؽݣԻ檱ʦˣʧĸ봨޳ɶĳϡ꣬Ůˡȥ기СϪУŸԼȢӣͳʮɡð˵޸ȢߣͽһꣻŮҼһȡȢߣͽһ룬ŮҲ֮Իռڼף¼ڸ֮壬һ֮룬˹أ޶ȢߣͽһꡣŮҼһȣΪ֪飬һ١Ȣνޣթ֮ʣͽһ룻ŮҼȲ֪飬Ը֮ơߣνŮ֪޽Ժ죬ơ֮ͬʱΪ˱ңԺȢ߲ȡ塱ԻиȢȢ죬δ֮䣬෸ͬԷ񣿴Իһһ֮ƣ޸Ȣޣֹ֮ͬϽָɷһػԡֹػĿļάһһ޵ƶȣԷ屾Ůֻ̫̫һػĴضѡͳʮġɡȢޡȥߣͽ꣬ļߣӶȡࡤ޽ΥãдȥͽꡣɼʵϱȽϣ޵ػҲȷػѵöࡣȡȥ١ļޡ㴥ػoffence of bigamyͳʮġɡȢޡԻ˴ӷרֵ֮ܣӭвУĹԳͣڷ룬Ул־檺ͽ꣬ȥļߣͽ꣬ơӶȡԻȥͽꣻļߣӶȣиĸ׵飬ΪƶϣԻȢΥɣ游ĸĸߣ顣ߣΪףŮΪӡĸ֪Ůȥ˳巽ͷңΥļޣĸͽꡣ֮Ψȥ֮飬״֮׼ܣڣԵ飨958ȥͽ꣬ļǧ檸һȡȢ߲ͬ粻֪зߣȢ֪ߣһȣ֮ĸ߶ĸΨȥ֮׵ӡԪࡷʮţɫ飩뷡ȥļޣ顢ΪȢ鲢ýˣ֪ߣ⽵ԭ׶Ӧ߼֮׼ˣȥߣļɣΪߣԼۣ׼ﲻ⣬ӲӼ

    ɥȢ

    עТĸɷɥδģҪֹڷϣΥʱȢڻЧ(52)ɥȢ֣һӸĸɥԷ˫ԣӷɥһԡ;Ӹĸɥԣͳһɡʮ񡷣ղТעӸĸɥԼȢ֮ԻӸĸɥԼȢν״ӵߣŮǲТԳơԼȢ鲻ͬʮҲзɥ(53)檣֮һ٣ŮӾɥΪ檣üȣ벻ТɼӸĸɥȢΪ鼰Ȣ檣Тڷȡ֧(54)پͷɥԣͳһɡʮ񡷣Ի塱עŷɥļޡ֮Ի֮ҲƸ֮Ϊն˥ȳ磬ɥļǣǱΥ壬ʾΪʮļΪ߷ǡɥȢĴͳʮɡɥȢӸĸɥȢߣͽ꣬檼ȣ֮Իĸ֮ɥݣӼΪ񣻷Ϊ죬Ӹĸ֮ɥνڶʮڣȢ޶Ůߣͽ꣬檼ȡзɥȢ檣Ů檼ˣ檼ԲΪ֮Ҳȱ𣬵ᡣ֮νڼȢ檲롣⡶ͨࡷİٰʮļԪv꣨1093硰ԣԪv꣨1090᣺֮ң游ĸĸϼ˹̣ɥߣԳʵȢԡʼŮӸĸɥƶԴ棬Ȣ֮Ѻ˽ӣȻ̻ԴȨðߣŮ䲻֮ҲʹΪ֮˺Ҳգʥؽָӣȥסﺥگ롣(55)ɼʱرȡͳеĸԹ涨

    ð

    ðǵ˵ġ˵ͬһԡidentityթָۣԼ֮ʵʽ˲϶ԡڷϣڻЧͳʮɡðΪŮðߣͽһꣻмðߣһȣδԼѳ֮ ԻΪ֮ýŮףʱԼŮΥԼðߣͽһꣻмðߣһȣδԼνԼѳ֮ΥԼ֮Уж֣𱰣ԴС֮ǡ˵ðÿÿϣļ־һŮТڣǬ꣨1167£ŮǣѶ轫ޣΪӣĸΪŮӣթˣͶݣʵѡ

    

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    Ը

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    ͼķΧԣڡĸ顱ֻҪ֮ס飬͹(116)

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    5.йʷķһţӦþֱ飬ضһҪĻǵڶĽɫˡƩд˵࣬һȻ˽˵ĵλͼֵǲųƵʷšˣҲˡйضĹ򷴲ļأΪ¼ǧ򲻿ɲ뱾ġҷǲܷŽĵϣ븽¼

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    һ㣺Ϊסһ봫ǵĻ壬Ӳ˺ܶԽı⣬ĳЩʷʵһЩĴ˵ǡʱĴ١κҳԵԽı⣬дõĸʽ˵ǡ봫ǵĻ塱ǲֵᳫ߽᲻سɷ磬סʷѧµľ磬Ҳ롣ִʷ˵۹ܾе㲻ײࡣ֪׺ʹǲͬǲҪʷѧҪ൱ּɣֻҪʷѧ͹ˣΪҪڷ겻ᣬڷֶΣ϶κ¶ҲᣬԼʹߵıʲͨ˳͹ˡ֮ԭǴдĻϣǡסӲֲͬĶһԵر飬ֱе¿ˡ

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    2.ԭ144ҳӼ͵ܣȥӾȴĸ׷

    3.ͬҳĸϣֺޡ

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    7ԭ222ҳҸι۲Уȫ̵ռǡ

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    㣺סʷޱ׼ӵһõһҸһ㣬ںԡʷԴѧ֪ʶҲһ֪ǶϣܳԺ飬ǡ塱ͨ塷ġŴ¥ǡҲŹ

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    г¼

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    B.ʮ꣨

    ԭ146ҳ괺죬֮ʢдʮֹ

    ͬݷࡶ幫סʮ꣨죬֮δΪʮ£ʮգ˻Уʮգֱ٣ʮգѧãԬԼҲΪйݣߡʮգе־ʦ˵Ĺʮ꣬Ȼִˡ

    C.ʮ꣨î

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    F.꣨ȣ

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    B.½

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