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    ڶоķʽǴӡչĹ۵ȥᡢõıǨ޿ɷϣáΪչĳ߶ȣԳʱΪоΧȻᷢӵеļ֪ʶȷʵЧơЩʷѧڴʶ̫Ը񽭱ºӵһ˩ũˮ˻صһֲۣļĩ˵ֵ˵⡣Ըĩũ顱顰ũ顱صĵʱľũҵδڽա㱱ĵ˫˫Ҳ彭ĸˮƽƺΪһּ֮һķչǸһͣͣеʧԵѧؽ˹Dwight H. PerkinsɣMark Elvinȣйڸӵ£˿ȴʱΪǰѡһʣ۵ģֻйͳũҵʲôʱ򵽼޵ˡ۶˽ʱľ÷չûжġ

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    ƪҪ۵ģǡΪʲôʱ̫ûйɵʱᡱҪһǸũҵṹʱʲô仯ΪǰȽʷܹ۵صڶũҵṹıȽϡڲμйʱѿ۵й½ѧУΪѿʮͣųʮͣȻʮʮдԵʱ㡣ǱȽʱڵũҵṹһܰ˽ũҵṹǲǷ仯ǿ϶ģôʲô仯áũҵṹʣָũҵйϵᡢú֯ۺ塣Ӷ̬ĽǶȥ죬Լ򵥵ֹϵһֱ֮Ĺϵڶֱߺҵ֮ĹϵҲҵϵ֮ĹϵҲ˰ĹϵһǹҺ͵ũֱ߼ĹϵҲ򵥡ʽĴũҵṹֹϵĿģϣܹȽой÷չͬΪдͨʷ׼

    ȴҵϵ˵ҵϵԭ֮һǵȨ·䡣ضΪУΪغͳǾӵСصĳ֣ƻƽĳ̶ֳϱʾҵԵũƹϵɳڡЩصĵֻܿԼİţ綥ȨȨʵȣͶʵ档Եũ˵ϵǵ棬ṩ˱ȹȥԶıϡũԼɵ⣬öպ޳ʹũճɲõʱ򣬵ũԼٽ⽻⡣

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    ƵԶλ֮½ʼĩĩֵط˾棬ʼضԵ֧֣Щطֻܴ߱ƵԵũǷ⡢ȴʡԺʼƵڸ۷ȨƱ˵ĵزǵĸ۸ˡͬһʱ͸Ƿ¼صشƵĵط˳γӺĻ׷Ƿ⣬ҪʵֱӽҵϵӿӺǬ¡Ȱҵƴũÿʵۻҵ˰ʱҵҲӦũ⣬ʾʵ۶ԵũĹġʵõũƺҵطáʵ۽⼸ʩһԷֹƵطĹַչΪũṩ˱϶ľñϡλũ˳ˡÿ갴Լ⣬ճɲʱٽ⣬Ƿ⡢Ҳʱзˡ

    һֱ߼Ĺϵũ֯ƶȻƶȣָɵﳤƵֱӿƻӲ֮µġνũ干ͬ壨ũȻչ֯һֱûлᷢչũԷ֯ĳ֣Ƶûص֮ദũ忹¼๲ͬ֯ĻԺƵļ忹ũ¼رڿеũ϶ϼطȻ֯Գ̶ȺͶũҵչãƺҲ󡣵ǷһЩˮ֯κ֣ũĺ̶ȲߡũĵԼҵ棬ȱ徫˵棬£ũˮ֯͵طȴûȨֹºҲûȨƲΥķӡһеطȨڵطȱĵطٵ£ũҪάһõĹϵͳǺѰ쵽Ģߡ

    ʱ̫ũҵṹı仯ùҵǰӢũҵṹΪ߶ȣũҵʱ巢չĿԡѡӢΪԼɵʱΨһҡӢũҵӪɫǲù͹´ũӢسũɴũũҵ͹ȥ֣ȻֱӹȴǵĹ´ΪӪලӢڵطϾߵȨӵеطأյطȨ˾ȨԽ̻ĲƲûպӢ޷طΨһƺطĽ̻ҲʧˡطʹܰԭԸũԸϼȥǴũϵĹ͹ũ͹͹ڹȨ£Ϊũҵ˹סǻعͷ̫ΡũҵṹӢĻȽϽӽƵ൱ߵĵطȨũҵṹƺӢģʽԶ仰˵йũҵʱ巢չĿСΪ˿϶ĽۣӦýһȥоũҵõ棬ȻйȽоʷ֪ʶſܷḻ

    Jan de Vries, The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600-1750, pp.35-36.

    Richard Lachmann, From Manor to Market: Structural Change in England, 1536-1640, pp. 16-17; 121.

    £ϴ߸εࡷسࡶйũҵŲѡϱ࣬ҳĶˡ˵Խºأǰʮ굾졣ȥָһ꣩Էפٲܤ׼硢Сֽ֮Աߣĳ֮ѯũν꣨һ˩ģǰˮֵ֣һ졣󣬺ˮǣΨͣʵһգ֡

    ܻƅnʶС¼һҳһһġݻƅn۲죬ʳΩ¡ ػ֯Բ׶ʳ ȣȡ£׹飬νﷹסֱ䡣

    鼭ºУ㣬ũ顷Ͼҳһ塣

    ңƹʼһףҳߡ

    ߹ڱĶ̫ũҵṹĿǸ޹δĲʿģ"Peasant Economy and Rural Society in the Lake Tai Area, 1368-1800"

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    һ£ϴ߸εࡷйũҵŲѡϱ࣬л֣һˡ

    ңƹʼһһ塣

    鼭ºУ㣺ũ顷л֣һ

    ġƅnʶС¼һ˾

    塢de Vries, Jan., "The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600-1750". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

    Lachmann, Richard., "From Manor to Market: Structural Change in England, 1536-1640". Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.

    ߡShih, James., "Peasant Economy and Rural Society in the Lake Tai Area, 1368-1800". Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

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