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81գڡʮ1983̨嵳·߶ġ·ߡۡ816գڡˡҧܡţΡĸҵĽǣ

˵ҡȱֻƻԡĻ˼ǲܵģΪƻƻģ񵳺ּβֻƿҪĸй񣺿ʷѵҪ뻢ıƤҪĲлϣǻع鵽Լͬ飻ǲҪŵˣҲҪͬ˺ġͬ־Щͬ־Ǹǵ·߶ʵⲢûʲô·߶ֻһҲν·ߣʵǴش·ߣҲǿ·ߣǲǡ·ߡֻӥ볬ӥɲ·߶ӥɺ͸ûʲô·߶ΪӥӸ㲻ʲô·ߡҰӥǣҪ־ľ£Զǵһּʡ



ƪĸ󣬾㣺

һκӺԸϣСרƶáλã˭ɽһ£˭һ£ڰѧڵʹ죬Ըϲڰʹ졣ԸʵΪΪԼԼԸ񡣡ѸԸȺġʵεʵƽһһ

ϵ塱ʵֻԭļ֣ǡ塱϶ǡߡΡԡңΪ־ʽжһˣС塱֮ӡôˡ塱ڶ

չ񵳴Ӧǵ鵳ɣǰӦĲ㡢1912ӦĲ㡢1913ӦĲ㡢1929ӦĲ㡢1947ӦĲ㣬۰Ͱ͵ĵ߰ʮꡢʮꡢʮ꣬ȵĽԶǡǳʱڡԶǡеǰԶǡ⡱Զǡ鲻ͬԶǡҵͷ𡱡Щճյصȡɵϣڵ߰ʮڵʮڵʮ󣬱جγѡ󳹴򡢱뷢ԸŹ񵳡Թ񵳣ֻһ£ûг⡪Թ񵳺޳ġϡʷãȻ֪

ġӹ񵳵Ʒϣȥ϶ѧϵһǵͷ֮֮񵳵ǰǸ壬ĵһ߹ܽ·ߣе֤ĵȲִĹءȡȨʽϺϣҪӪҪԼŤִģʵϣһ塪Թһ¡಻ܱĸ

塢ĵ⡰쵼Ӣʵʵ޿֮νĿ顢ϣƽΪǸɵºɣǱȽȷ˽жϹ񵳿ʮ̨ηչʵԼһܡȽȷ˽жϡǶԹ񵳵˽жϣʵǺǳġʮ굳ϣ뻢ıƤϣ쵼ӢļԭԭŬչʵʵҵؽЧơǣʮ񵳻ǹ񵳣굳ȴβͺͻƿˡ뻢ıƤ³һƬ֪ǵ

ԡ̨й½֮䡱İ޽֮𡱣ۣʵ޿ɡ󡱣һԳĵͷֵ֮֮ͷ֮䣬ǻǿҸеνѧ˵Ͷ磬Աһ˹ȥۣǾ˼ӣ

Ŀȡ롰ä

ʵִһĿ꣬ӢȽҹȻһĿ꣬˵ĹңҲ޲һĿꡣ˵ĹУʹ˹ͳεϣͳεĵ¹ҲĪˡʵĿģû˵ǡʵİ취һͶˣǣеƣйררӡָЩ廨ŵʮɫֻǡͷѣСҲרҲҲָҲЩɱԵоǺݵĶֻɿġĿȡģȴġäأǡʵ֣׷׷Զˣ

һ׷Զı磬ԭڴҺˡʵȾ֪ʵУʵڡơڡڡơڡʵǡ׷

νʵȾԸص㣬ע⣺

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˼ӣֻǡʵȷһµһޣȻбġϡ˼ѹס˼롢һԪ˼ѹסԪ˼롢Ȩ˼ѹסȨ˼롢Ը˼ѹס˼ȵȣҲǲɲעġ

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Ӣж壬Լ˵ġˡcreative minorityԡˡһӰ֪ʶӡˡԱȵȣкˣҲле˽ԭеҲı͡ɲ߹ġв׼ǣ˵֣εȷȴ֮һЩӸɳġεȷӡʮǰ˼Ҳȶ£Charles A. Beardдܷľý͡An Enconomic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States֤ЩԪѫ˽ԭ򣬵֤ʲôأڡʵ̱ϣȷ˻ʱıǣ͹ˡȻ˵˵ǡ˵Democracy for the Few˵ǱΪǡǡʱҵǣʷʵ֤ʵǣǴģҲĶúáҲȫĲá˽һ½ʵеʷ޷Ľۡ

Ȼһ˵Ӣ൱αƵġ˽ġɶģǣ֮һЩ˵ľ򣬱ϾġǰӢĿȷ˽һ㣬ȻʱǵǰӵġȻʱܷлūƶȡȻСʢֱдʱкūɣǡӢϾǽһѿܳɳ׳17762£ӢһλӢԺ˵˲һȺϣˮ㡣ǵ쵼ߣкģ˵ǵ˾ʢ١ÿ˱ǧ

ʵϲ㡰Ӣͷɵ£²ͷɵ¡ֻܸ㱩ܸĴ·ΪΪܣΪΪ߲ӶΪʢٵĸٵܵ˵ʢԸרƾƺ͹˸ʣʢȴԪ谣ҲǺȫʢܹƣᱳѸԪ谡ȫȴᣬԭصǻʢСӢľȴûˮ׼

Ȼڿֲͳ֮£ӢԱͶǣֻ֮еһЩͦǰͺ̣ŹɡʵȾ



˼ǡʵӢǡʵص⣬ɡfreedom of expressionģǡʵġɡֽСɡҲɷܷǷַɡɣΪһ˳λģ17͵Ӣʫֶ٣John Milton1643꣬Ӣ ֹӡδɵ鼮ʱֶٴ֮ϵɣGive me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties. Areopagitica1644ֶһ⣬ѧ˹ٵ£H.M. SteedԷӣ˹ٵرǿһУ֪ʶɡ۵ɺΪҪֽﲢάЩҪɣĵλ㡰ܸ쳪ĹҵɣҲͲȷThe PressѧڻW. E. HockingҲԷӣǺɡΪûɵĵطҲͱòȫɡʵǱϲҷɵһɣA Free and Responsible Press˾ͰɵһɡThe First Freedom

ΪʲôɡɡȡɡȻҪأΪĿֲֹ񣬶ԺҡԶŭҳĬĽȻʹ֮ģ潾̡ӵķչȻʹȻͺ޼ɵˡ

д衷ʮ£ǣ

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ڡʵ⣬ޡʵĹҪˡ

ǱȾ߱ġʵĹ򡣡ʵĵһǱģѾݽΣ뿿չĹܣΪֻṩȫߣṩƶǵ쵼ӣȨ˶ල򷴶ԡֹѧϵġɡȫѧ߻ѧߣ޲һɡɹֵǹ񵳵ġѧѧۣȴȻǧŹۣ˵ȻĿǰµ޵ʿвĹܵɲѡְʿɹͨκơȻΥѧϵġɡˡȻĨɱܣҪʿݸ֯νʿڡµ¡вĹֻܵҪһ룬֪ӹܵʲôʱˣڡʵҪ˵֡ʵĹδ̫ˣ

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ʵȾȻصϣ˵ûлȱЩȾǲǾͲʵأȻǣҪʵеģǺʲôʵкʵСʵ֮ǰ̨档ǰġ񵳡Ϊá񵳡ʱĸȻﲡֻǹ񽫸ʷһգҾȨҴˣȻ峯ĺ;֮ʱҲųĶˣǡ񵳡ԲšԲ񵳡Ҫ޷ʵ̨˵Щ˵ǸײĲġ¡̧˹ײ˵񵳡Ϊʲôͬ峯һΪأΪ峯춨Ľǲɾҩģ峯ǵǡʵĿ·ǡʵ·һӲԵϻ˰Ӵ·뿪ֺ뻢ıƤĿأ

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ЩУǵõľͽǣҪ뻢ıƤ뻢ıƤȾϻѾϻǣϻܲϻأ

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    Դվŷleeao.net

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