

ĿȫĿ¼

1724-1805ᰣһִʯƣӱˡڹٻ֮ҵСͯʮǰ֮ѧ֮伮̡ĹǷǳ˵ġʮнʿ衱ʢʮʱΪ׼ٿգҪң֪ͨ׼׼·Ǵ½סꡣ

1773峯Ǭ¡ʵۿĿݣȫı鳭ݡɻܲãΪͷ٣ǧˣÿڰǧֵġĿȫ顷߲ͬ

ʮ굽ʮ꣬ʮ䣬һѧʶעڡĿȫ顷ϡаʱ䣬дˡĿȫĿҪپойͼĿǰΪ˸ⲿҪҪûǰдˡĿȫĿ¼ʮҲһ

ʮȥС΢ñʼǡ顣һĿǧԷдˡ

ԪоҼ

Ԫ1764-1849ֲԪ̨ܿˡʮ˽ʿʱᳫѧ㽭ɡڬڽɡʮע衷ɡ徭⡷

ԪΪʥ֮ھѵڬŽ֮ѧѵڬʼǺʵǵѧ̬ȡԪʮʱȥᳫѧӰϣҾá㽭ڬᡱнʮ֮ࣻڹ㶫ѧáҲѧ

Ŀȫ顷ڿݱ鳭ʱ峯Ǭ¡ʵиʡڰ鼮룬ʱ㽭һʡǧٶʮ顣ԪȼСʮꡣڼ㽭½ѼĿȫ顷ûյһʮ岿дˡоҾ¼ҲСĿδҪҲСĿδĿҪԲĿȫ顷Ĳ㡣

ⲿδҪԭδ࣬󾭴1882رࡢΪĿҪһ

ӢȣĿ

1773꣬峯Ǭ¡ʵۿĿݣȫı鳭ݡǧˣ˰ʱ䣬һڰǧֵġĿȫ顷Ԩ󣩣ֱͬĿȫ顷ǰǧİʮ֡ǧһʮ˾ǧٲĴ飬йʷĴ顣

ڱࡶĿȫ顷ǰҪṩױṩǬ¡ʵ۱֤ммɻ棬޷ǧټƣȰṩ顣һṩǬ¡ʵ۾¶Ŀһ߷ĻһߴݲĻˡ1776Ǭ¡ʵͣ鼯ִߣԵ֮С1778ͣղĩ֮飬˼罻žչһһĽ˶ȫĿǧİʮϣĿİϡЩĿ춼ȫˣӲ֮УɿһƬɱʡ

ⲿĿͳͳһ˼εһᣬйˣ

֮幫ȫ

֮1837-1909ΡϡТź޾ʿӱƤˡ峯ʿζʮ꣬ã쾩Ƽú󡢺ȣгɼĩ꣬󳼡ʮȥ

֮ĩؽܲŬͻƣѧУᳫʵҵĴСţһ档µʱΥ͢ɱ˵ܶһȳϻֳͷԣҪȵʱ⽮ˡ

Ȼ֮ԾΪޣڡȰѧƪѧΪ塢ѧΪá˵ΪĻ˼ϵһֱַ죬ûֹͣ

֮Ϊ߳ѧߡӦ顱͡ԺαΪơæдˡĿʡп̱Ķࡣ

1931꣬ϣѡĿʡԭĴ©ΪϾѧͼǦӡΪʵá

Ӧ룺ɽȫ

Ӧ루1551-1602Ԫ𣬺ɽˣֺʯ㽭ϪˡСʱϲʫʮоˡʮдʮ˲顢һʮʮ𣬵ʮȥ˻ʱˡӦƾ١С⣬

Ӧڶߵʱ˵ġӡߣһǡ鲻̸ۡʵɣһǲԺĸɣ༤൴֮£ѧǲʵġӦַͦ־ֲѧʣǺѵõġ󲩶ȹ󾫣ǳ裻ңʧ±çҲҲˡԼҲУԺ˶ԾӣԿԷϡдĲһ飬ϳ奵ġӱ桷ҪĹ飬Ϊαǹһα緢֪ԪɺӦ롢ҦʺԺգֱ죬ǵĹͣӦóǡ

Ҧʺ㣺ӹ¼

Ҧʺ㣨1647-1710󣩣Ʒ򣬺Դջˡ峯ӺʱһλѧߣһλùѧߣһȻ֣ȴԡڡĿȫĿҪûк˵

ʺڹΣۡ˵Ҳ١ͼ顱֮α֮ˣ١顷֮α֮賣١֮α֮˹ͬСѧ֮Ϊ֮ë䣬ּŷޡM֮˵ԡסʮΪα飬ȺӡѧҲνܡš̡Գ౾ͬʱԪ֮ۡν̡֮ѧϢ֮溷ӡӼĿӹ¼

ǺܲġҦʺ֡ڰ׶һ𡱵ľ£ˡֱĩ֮ҦʺġŽα鿼Ϊ׿Ϊ֮žˣ˿϶ˡ

ףŽͼ鼯ɡ

ף-1741ʡիˡ峯ʿʮءԨʼүУȫİٿȫ顪Žͼ鼯ɡ

Žͼ鼯ɡǸйһǧʷӼĵ伮ɵģ루1701-1706һࡢʮ䡢ǧһһʮ߲汾ǧʮᣬһǧİ֣װʮ

׿˵ǿˣ֮ʱϻؼ̽ףв췴ɾɱְ֣û취ֻú췴ʧܣֱĺس֤ףֱɡαĳPϼ䵽ūʮ󣬸Ͽʵ۶Ѳٻʵ۵ĵӳ飬εĿӪּ죬޼䳿Ϧڱⲿ˼

ʵ󣬿ĳֿʼˡĿɽʧƣλǻӡӺʵۣȻԸǴ࣬׵壬ֱǲ⡱ʱѾʮˡǬ¡꣬˰ʮꡣ

ȣĿȫ顷

1773꣬峯Ǭ¡ʵۿĿݣȫı鳭ݡǧˣ˰ʱ䣬һڰǧֵġĿȫ顷Ԩ󣩣ֱͬĿȫ顷ǰǧİʮ֡ǧһʮ˾ǧٲĴ飬йʷĴ顣

Ϊ˱Ŀȫ飬˸ѪĴۣӶ鷳Ҳ䣬֮һ½ܣΪ˵У飬ڹ⣻У½ܯΪˡαְҪ󳭼ңװѡϰ£ðգ

Ŀȫ顷йʷĴ飬Ϊֻ߲㡣ֻ󣬲áй֪ʶõģĴ顣֮Ŀʡ˵ѧߣΪһ֮УɸȺѲдΪȾޡ飬鲻ɡҪɴ˿ɼӰ汾ϿĿȫ顷ǼѹӾϿȴµһ

ģĵ

ģ-473ͣɽˣˡƶȢһϵķͽ겢ң۵ءⲿĵ۹Ž弰ֺƳ֪ġʷͨ峯ѧϵġʷͨ塷йʷ

ĵʮƪԷΪ֣ǰƪۣͨζʮһƪۣĩʮƪ޴ѧⲿȫٳģò˵ٳдƷ¡

ĵдԺ󣬴ҲûӡȥҡסԼԼƼ޷˵ԼſڣװģԼע⡣ɼű

ĵйʷܵ飬ܡȫصһǷԲʵõĸķ磻һʵõġıγʵķ硣İȫ鶼ѧԱۣҲͼΪ㷺ˡһ˰ѧ飬ǲԵġ

֪ʷͨ

֪661-721ʮʱΪҪڵĻ䣬УͭɽˡСʱʹˣʮͶ꡶󴫡ʮʱͰʷˡл

ʼܽǣлǰ鲻ӦйŽ˱Ϊʼ͡ʱ߹ΪͯӺ֪ǰߣȻʧ޴Զԡź⡢ʼԶʷΪǡʼ֪֮ʿ֮ԡ

һľ¶ˣʮʱйһʷѧľʷͨ

йСʷ磬СʷѧȴǺ¡һɽġʷѧרⱾʷͨȫ鹲ʮƪͳѡšƪ⣬дʮƪƹо߹ʮƪ뷨߹ʮƪһƪΪȫּȤڡ

ʷͨΪйʥ˵Ĵ˵ŵ⣬һֱɱֱγԺ󣬲̧ͷ֮ңߣ

ѧϣ顷

ѧϣ1738-1801ʵի㽭ˡ峯ǬοݵʢȴȦ⣬ᳫµʷѧͷ

йŴʷ١ʷ飬ȴûʲôʷѧͷʷѧҿ˵ǿġԼĴʣȥ䷱أ巨Щԭ£ˡ󴫡ʷǡԺƳ֪ʷͨߣγ˾⣨ͨ졷ߣĴ֤ߣ峯ѧϣʷͨ塷ߣ¼ߣȳ̸ʷѧ֦Ҷгɼģѧϡ

ʷͨ塷1832꣨ʮ꣩ƪƪݰ׽̡̡ʫ̡⡢Թʷ¡־ȡȫصǡʷ˵ָıͿ֤ʷѧʷѧи˼ųɡѧΪЩʷʷϣǡص֮顱ּ⣬ƷˡԵĴͳĴ۵㣬ʮĹɹŷṩ 

ѧšѧΪʵ£Ϊԡļ⣬Ĺʱ˺ö񡱣ֱ󣬲Ÿӡ

Уȫ顷

У1821-1906񸦣԰㽭ˡ峯Ľʿ̷ΪѡְΪΪ޼ҡڽס£ؽѧʮꡣƽרÿһд֮飬йÿгɼߣʵټ˰ʮꡣ

еСȺƽ顷ƽ顷ȡдҲ¯ࡣ鹲߾ѹдɰʮǰ޹˵Ŀѧʹ֪ʶ顣ʦ˵顰Žδ֮桱νʦࡢסҦάȵķӰ켫ΪԶ

еĸ±롢º¡±длʦǣۡ˵룬ͽҲᰮ˱֮Ա죣ººǱѧڡеѧܶ࣬ʷ塷˵ձʿִҵߡɼ

±룺ϴ顷

±루1868-1936ö壬筣̫ףԹҲ㽭ຼˡѧѧߣ󳫸ԡձ꣬ͬġСܡ󣬶ձࡶ񱨡йֱԬʳνԺйĻӣ1922꣬֯ʡδٽᡣ1925꣬־1934꣬Ǩݽ·Դ᯵֯ѧὲѧ1935ϹѧϰᣬСԡ¿ᳫȹһʱڡ

±ѧܶ࣬٩գϣ棨ȣǮģСͬˣԥš³ѸˡʿȡӰΪԶʵѧĴͷ

ڡʮй֮ѧ˵±ǡѧʷѹ󽫡ʮйѧĽʱڡǡһ±룬ǹѧܹٵĽˣ±ĵλȷˡйѧģڱʱǰڰܲ±ʵĸݳԺණӡ

Һϼ

1873-1929׿磬ιˣ㶫»ˡ

ͯʮͿȡţʮ˾ˡʮݱʮĿΪʦѧڹľ꣬ѧѧнԵĿʮ굽Ļλʮϸʡһپʮˣʱ֡䷨ʮϺ졶ʱ񱨡ʮ굽Ͻѧʱѧãɵʦʮʧܣձ֮䣬ǰ졶鱨ԱȵȣѹýţˣʸӰ֮˿ɼ

ع˿ʽĻӭ졶ӹԡ־μӽܳ1915ðշԬƵۣμӻսۡ1917ֲμ칲ۣ֮ʦΪжԣϧ1918ר˼ѧϹڵ棬ɼߡȺڱߵʦ廪ѧϿѧϾϴѧѧ1929ӹҽڱ

    ӰEQQȺ578505007ɵɣwjm_tcy

    ӰEȺ437813363

    ֲݣɽӣwww.leeaoweb.com

    Դվŷleeao.net

    ͹///С//ͷ

