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    Reginald F. JohnstonConfucianism and Modern Chinaһĵ152154ҳдYuan Shih-k'aiin his inaugural address, on October 1Oth, 1913, confessed his devotion to the old traditions of his country,and declared that he immortal traditions and preceptsof Confucianism must not be lightly swept into oblivion.

    There is no reason to doubt the sincerity of Yuan Shih-k'ai's homage to Confucius and his teachings, but Yuan himself was distrusted-with very good reason. both by monarchists and by republicansand his patronage did the cause of Confucianism more harm than good, In his hands, the Confucian system was merely a political instrucment. He hoped by its aid to pave his way to the Throne, and there is no doubt that the use he made of it tended to discredit Confucianism in republican circles and to strengthen the belief that the Confucian system and the institution of monarchy rose or fell together.

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