

װСģ 

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һʿ£Aristotleʮꡣ 

Ԫǰ54͵ʱĸʦϵҶǴˣǰ˶ѧңphilosophersһǶֵĻʵAlexander the Great 

ոףSocrates

    ͼPlatoSocrates' greatest pupil

    ʿ£Aristotle Plato's greatest pupil

    ɽAlexander Aristotle's greatest pupil 

AristotleѧʺܴѧңҲǽңeducatorҲǿѧңscientistڿѧlogicphysicsnatural historypsychologyǧǰˣĿѧкܶ󣬱Ϊģ̫ƵתǴģΪǹ⻬ģԼ⣬ǴģΪͬʱ䣬صĶĶŵأǴģΪ˵Ů˶࣬ҲǴģMrs. Aristotle˵Եʣ 

Aristotleףchief contributionѧһto carry on the heritage so as to pave the way for future generationsľ棬ʹమtruthAristotleEthicaethicsѧбʾʦPlatoǸйҲֿСʲʦto yield to nobody when one is doing what is rightdo not refuse to accept a reward or position which one deservesto be behind none in the desire to benefit mankind.Aristotle differed from Plato both in the aims of his philosophy and in the methods of his investigation. In his Ethica he states that, while both Plato and truth are dear to him, he is bound to prefer truth. 

While Aristotle was a biologist of note, even if we allow for some rather peculiar lapses, his views on physics and astronomy were hopelessly muddled. Plato, combining the Milesian and Pythagorean traditions, had been much nearer the mark, and so were later Hellenistic scientists like Aristarchus and Eratosthenes. Aristotle's most famous contribution to systematic thought is probably his work in logic. 

Aristotlescienceconclusionǡ300's B.C. Aristotle's studies in logic and classification contributed to the foundations of science. 

ڶѧҡ٤ԣGalileoʮꡣGalileo was the first great experimenter and the father of modern astronomy. He was also an outstanding mathematician. Galileo˵AristotleΪضأԣϱбthe Leaning Tower of Pisaͬʵ飬֤Aristotleˡ˶ʱһ˶ûãѧˡ 

Galileoӡһ飬˵̫ǵǣ𹫷ߣȻˡ˶ʱһ˶ûãץڽ̲ڽ̷ͥInquisitionInquisitionͰΪGalileoǴѧߣ̫ˣʮ꣩е̨й˱֡ϴǡŴΪpermanent house arrestHouse arrest, a form of arrest in which a person is confined under guard in his own houseAuthorities insisted no one had been jailed but said some strikers were under house arrest.Tuscaloosa News 

ϴԺ͵͵һѶ˵򣩻ڶYet it does moveE pur si muove 

ڼʫJohn Miltonʱʮ꣩ItalyУGalileoݷãGalileoѾϹˣɣʮMiltonҲϹˡ 

John Milton, an English poet and political writer, wrote one of the world's greatest epics, Paradise Lost.1667He composed this famous epic and two other works, Paradise Regained1671and Samson Agonistes1671, when he was totally blind. MiltonҲΡ

GalileoͷԱʱ£ǵùС곽born at a wrong timelucklessunlucky 

Galileoscienceconclusionǡc. 1600 Galileo emphasized the mathematical interpretation of experiments in science. He discovered many important physical laws. 

ѧҡάWilliam Harveyʮꡣ 

оСܶʼto repeat the cycle all over againѪܶʼġһܲס 

ǹάˡάҲָAristotleĴ󣬵Aristotleľ١άһвˣҲĺѣǵʱӢĻʵKing Charles ICharles ĮOxfordطά屾Իʵ۵destroyedˣTheir loss caused him great sorrow. 

William Harveyscienceconclusionǡ1628 William Harvey published his theory on the circulation of the blood. 

ĸѧҡRobert Boyleʮꡣ 

ѧҡѧҡѧңBoyel was a philosopher, a physicist and a chemist,the father of modern chemistry 

ӢҲѧ塪ʼѧᣨthe Royal Societyʱ򣬱ҪBoyel᳤ΪreligionԭԸģûWhile at Oxford he was the leader of a group of scientists known as the Invisible College, which in 1663 was incorporated as the Royal Society of London. Although Boyle was invited to be president of this organization in 1680, he refused because he had religious scruples against taking an oath. Boyle was deeply religious. At Geneva he had been under strong Calvinist influence which deeply impressed him and gave his life a serious character. 

ROYAL SOCIETY is the oldest scientific society in the world and probably the most famous. The full title of the organization is The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. It grew out of weekly meetings which London scientists held as early as 1645. In 1660, the society was officially organized with the approval of King Charles II.Charles IĶӡ 

In 1662, the society was formally incorporated by charter of Charles II as the Royal Society of London for Promoting Natural Knowledge, or, as it is popularly known, the Royal Society. From its earliest years, the Society maintained correspondence with Continental philosophers, and selections from this correspondence became the world-famous Philosophical Transactions. Sir Isaac Newton was the Society's president from 1703 until his death in 1727. In the approximately 300 years of its existence, the Society has sponsored numerous scientific expeditions and extensive research, including, in recent years, a notable series of investigations of tropical diseases. 

Boylescienceconclusionǡ1660's Robert Boyle applied the scientific method to chemistry. 

ѧҡţ٣Isaac Newton˰ʮꡣ 

Galileo꣨Jan. 8, 1642Newton꣨Dec. 25, 1642 

GalileoͷNewtonβǶû飬GalileoŮһӡGalileoһЩ۲ǴģȻб¶ûٶȣҲûɣlawֱNewtonһ͡ţǸŸӡan infant born after the death of its fathera posthumous childС費ߣѳСϲѧ 

Newton discovered that sunlight is a mixture of light of all colors. He passed a beam of sunlight through a glass prism and studied the colors that were produced.By passing a beam of sunlight through a prism, Newton showed that white light is made up of the rainbow's colors. 

He made great discoveries in the field of mathematics. He is credited with inventing integral and differential calculus.΢֣ 

He was the first to state the laws of gravitation. 

NewtonĳɼӢʫAlexander Popeʫдã 

Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night 

God said, Let Newton beand all was light. 

Alexander PopeEpigram on Sir Isaac Newton 

In 1705 Newton was knighted by Queen Anne. ǰSir.ǾʿҲɾʿjazzǾʿŤҳһҲʿ 

NewtonȻôĳɼǫ飨humble˵ 

To myself seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me. 

Newtonscienceconclusionǡ1687 Sir Isaac Newton published the Principia, which summarized basic of mechanics. Newton formulated the laws of gravitation and motion and contributed greatly to the theories of light and optical science. 

ѧҡ˹̹Albert Einsteinʮꡣ 

˹̹German¹ˣֱSwissʿˣֱGermanֱAmericanˣbloodJew̫ˣJewsIsraelɫУʱܾͳѣԵWeizmannˡ 

Einsteinѧ˵ǡۡthe Theory of RelativityʹNewtonѧ˵һֶҡ 

Albert Einstein, the German-American physicist, rejected Newton's explanation of universal gravitation but not the fact of its operation. He said that his own work would have been impossible without Newton's discoveries. He also said that the concepts Newton developed are even today still guiding our thinking in physics. 

ܹԭܣatomic powerǴEinsteinģûEinsteinûԭӵatomic bombwarҲûԭpeaceful uses 

Einsteinscienceconclusionǡ1905 Albert Einstein presented his Special Theory of Relativity. Einstein developed the theory of relativity which revised older theories of time and space, and led to the use of atomic power. 

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