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    ʮʮɵʱ̨ʡ˾ˡ̨ʡѹʮꡣͱʾĿǰס̨ʮµĴ˿ڣ񣬷ȻڹĽϴʩ³ɳɼҵһµĲֳڽϵκһҵĹ޷ġȻΪϾˣ뱫֮öѡ֮ӡ˹񵳵йȨЭԵõƣ̨а֪нϴڡǱʮĳڽϸΪµΪζŹ񵳻֪ûû˵ؽȥΪ˲ʹǵһȻڽǵһΪбҪ̨ʮĽ죬ͷһ½ƶȵıʺ͹ϵ񻰡

    

    ȨǹҽȨһ֡ҹܷϣһֽȨǡȨȨֻԳ֮ΪȨ·ǵѣֳΪҪ֮򡰲֮law of necessity֮ʱ˵á

    ڱҪ֮ǰ֪ɡnecessity knows no lawҽȨ;ƻԼ򡣿ǣ˾ɵȥ£ԽȨκƵĻǵڹͳýȨжáǣһΪƽʱڶķӦشΣ֮ܵʵܹҽȨıҪԣһ棬ԽȨڼ估ԤܷмԹ涨ܻٷӷֹýȨĹܡΪǰƶȻ˵ĽȨͱ֮ΪĶáconstitutional dictatorshipбڷҵĶͳΡ

    ǣΪҽȨĴô֡Ķáͱضĸϵġϵơ

    һĿĵƣȨĿڡֹΣָ̬to end the crisis and restore normal timesǡΣĳ̬ǻڡά򡱵ĲѣǡıִơҪ˽ȨĿġסǻġ

    ڼƣȻȨ䱾ǳֻ̬Ҫָ̬ȻʱԻʱԵĴʩ֮ȨʵʩƵû͵ʵϸıƣγɲײġȨơ

    Ҫ̶ȵƣȨ֮ԱΪ֮Ϊ˷ǳĽ̬Ѳƽ˲šѡ֮ԣǡΪ˿˷ضΣоԱҪԡabsolutely necessary for the conquest of the particular crisisɷȨֻһĳڽȨһϺһơ

    ġƣýȨĳҲܵһơһƵĿģڹ᳹εԭ򣬲ʹýȨĻصԹӦķΡ޷ǰƾɿ̸

    ĸҹܷϷϵĹ涨˵ҹĽƶȣǹСơ⡣

    Ȩ

    ӦȻֺߵȷΪΣϵΣ֮ȨϡΣġںƽʱڻսδԺ̿ƽܷϵȫȨǣᡢ״սսҪġˣս·ʱǶľ³ͻڵװսΪȡսϵʤԾֹս£ӾϵҪָӹٽ˾ĳЩȨĶȨһȨǡȨ˵ϣһֻھ±Ҫmilitary necessaryʵʩľ¶ãmilitary dictatorship

    нϷֻеս»ҷ֮ʱڡսʱ֮򡱣ս򡱣սӰӦ֮򡱣ʵʩ̶ͬȵľ½ӹܣĳЩȨϷһ塢šʮһһֹ֮ӦϣԽ֮һɻظԭ״Ϸʮԭ״ߣ̬ҲɼϵĿǻظûо³ͻĳ̬ʹ˾ؼҪʹҶԾ½ӹܺȨơϰΪԽԵġơ

    ҹƶȶԽȨĿȷع涨ȻὫΪʱԵĴʩһйؾ½ӹ˾Ч֮涨׿

    ܷھ涨۾⣬ܾСڽϵܷڶʮ涨ΪˡΪѣά򡱣Է֮нϷڰ֮涨ʹ»ضڽϵڹ̷ҡ⻼򡢹ꡢ𻵵ʮУе塢ߡʮֻ֮ڽս򣩣ر̷ʱڼ˵ȣ֮Сڽսڲ޷ԺϽ֮ԺͨϾʱ¼°ɸõؾ»֮ھܷڶʮֻԡ۾˲ܾС֮ȨԡơáᡱˣϷʮĹ涨ڰھ֮оڽ֮ߡ֮»ڽʱз۾֮ֻǽȨ˴ʩоΪоľ»֮ȷопߣޡȷҲޡִȽϺԷ߻ͨԺоȷִСɴˣһɼ񡰷۾˲ܾСȨδ϶סᡱ»ֻѺִУԴϺͨԺִܾб֮оͬʱҲζŽϱضֻǶڵĴʩΪɹϵݳڵĲȷ

    ڡҪ̶ȵơɽϷԼ׵Ĵʾ仮֡򡱺͡ս򡱣ֱ涨䲻ͬľ½ӹ̶ܳȣԼ÷ʮһڹ涨֮ȨʱһΡҪʱһΡʱ֮ҪһΡʱѿᵽϷ֡Ҫ̶ȵơ֮

    󣬶ڡơҹƶҲεԭۺܷʮʮʮϷһ֮涨֪κν뾭ԺͨԺͨ׷ϣȻ档ԺΪҪʱɾͳϣԺܾԺ֮ʹȨɼҹĽƶԹܷ᳹ڸƵľʹḺ䷢ýȨ֮Ρ

    񵳿ʼֽ

    ɼҹܷͽϷ涨Ľƶȣǹ񱻳Ϊҵġáġκε⣬ڲ֪壨the rule of lawΪĹϣȻػŤʣ뵱Ƶľ񱳵ۡƶҲ⡣

    ʮǰʮʮ¶ʮգлܷʼʩСӷԣԴ˲Сá֮ܡǣ񵳱ûܷĳģʼͿʼֽš

    ȣɵһһλܺδĸ£ʦϣɸ˶õġܷVerfassungsdurchbrechungʽܳʮʮͨˡԱʱʱһ֮涨£

    һͳڶԱʱڣΪһΣѣӦشʣþԺ֮飬Ϊ֣ܷʮʮ涨֮ơ

    ǰ֣Ժܷʮڶ涨ֹ֮֮

    ǣƶȵġơƻˣʱһϲҪԺͨ׷ˣڶ涨ԺʱԺʹȨʹίŽϣȡ֮ľ֧֣ԺԿɼϡôһȨķáѲԺˡáʼˡ

    ʮʮһ¶ݣȫʧʮգͳʱˡȫһȫɹţʮɹ½ຣؼ̨塣

    ʮһ£ƽսͳһ¶ʮһˣʴͳһ̨ڶʮȫ

    ʱ𽥰ź̨ʡĵҪ£еĴ󲿷ֽڶʮ˵̨塢š¶ʮһչɽʮϾʧأ̫ԭݡ人Žݣʮգ̨ʡ˾㹫һ̨ʡΪȷʡΰ¶ʮʱȫʡϡǣЧ⣺

    ɱڵĹ涨

    һвδ˵䷨ݡݲߣһΪʱ֮ȨΪܷϷ֮Ȩǰ߶ϣʴͳȻˡݺ߶ϣ뾭Ժͨ׷ϣʱڴ½ϸй׽Բأ˴һδԺĿԣӳ϶ԣ㲻ΪЧ

    ݶԣһ沢δϵ򾿾Ǿս޴ȷ֮Чһ棬ĿȻԽ˽ϷȻ涨

    ġʱͼΰΪ֮һߣ̣ҥߡڱߡҽߡٻߡչߡĶѧȻɿ˷ߡƻͨͨŻԽͨͨߡ֮ˮúҵߢŻ𡢾ˮΣߡδ׼ǹߡ

    һɱڵĹ涨ȫ˽ȨơʵĽжemergency action of an executive natureܴɵһԭ򣬲ݼ첻ĸ಻ϡ̷塱̷ԭȤǣһӦЧĹ涨Գǡ̡治֪Ρѵǡ޼ɡ֮

    ʮʮգڹݣʱڵأ֯ǳίԱᡱϯΪϯվȫȨʮʮգǨ죬ʮһ¶ԺھʮĴλݽϷͨȫδ䲼ᵽɶʮһ¶ʮգʴͳθҽʮգųɶʧݣʮ¶ʮգԶǧǨ̨ʮ¶ʮգԺ̨ٿʮյĵλͨδͳġȫ׷ϡ

    ȫëǰ̨ʡһ걸Ϊδ䲼Ҳ޴Чǡȫϵ̨һս򡱣ȴĽ

    ڴˣһѰζ⣺һ̨壬걸һݻΥҲЧôʮĽϾôģ

    ôģ

    ҿԼĽͣݹʮ¶ʮֵکһʮ̨ʡϵϷ涨֮򣬲ʱڰδԺ׷ڰʮһ°Уʮʮʴͳֱʮһսͳ£лнûִͳְ񣬲֪һСǺΪ֮ȫ̨ʡΪս򣬲Ժ׷ڰ̨ʡ֮ϣӦݼʮ°н֮ʱ֮Բȫ֮жʧƼ˰ɣһӦһԲ򡱣ôֱ׳ԭĽǡϵ˵Ҫй⣬˹⡱ģ򡱺գ

    ˣ͡ơԣĽһʼǲģҲһʼûСֻСáġ

    پ͡ڼơԣȻδҪʮϵģ֮ڹѾǺŵĳڽˣѲԸ׷õȨˡǣսϷʮĹ涨򷲷۾˽ܾУоԶ޷ִУϺȷȨձСв㡱֮ΪʹڽƻȻ֡ʱԡĹ涨ǣûкϷݵĽʵʩ֮ʮʮһվзʼʩУڡзʩзڶ涨зʩǰ۾ɷо֮ڽϷʮ֮涨ߣ涨ͣ˵Ӿзʩ֮·ڽϵܾеķ۾ˣ١ڽ֮ߡоȷִܹСɴһΥܵķɣӴ˱̬Ϊ̬ǳΪĽȨƱ𽥳ˡ

    ĳΪһֽ

    Σ̸Ҫ̶ȵơȨıʾšȱԵɵƺල֮£ȻὫѷĽȨõ£ĳΪһֽġǰۡڼơ֮ƻʱѿɼһ̬ͬҲδءҪ̶ȵơһԵӣǡս򡱵Ļ

    յĹѧŽڶʮǰ˶ʿġϷ֮одһινս򡯣Ϸڶڶָ֮ͣսʱ֮򡯣̨֮ս֮ϣƽĶۣ涨ǡսʱءΪǰ֮ʵȥ磬˴˹δй֮ܣԷǵǰ֮ʵΪս򡣽泣սΪս򡣶̨屾ȫ糣о֮Ҫ޹֮ʵΪսֻΪ򡣿ϴʮ֮öܽ⣬Ϊսˡ

    ڽʮȥˣӲŽҲɡáתΪֻۣйĴҲʣ̨֮Ϊս֮Ҳʡ

    Ƕ

    Ȼ˹ҽȨĳڼͱҪ̶ȵƣֻҪȨһձΪǡȨձ޷ϴʩԹơǣǲϵ񵳵ؽ̨ġ١ֹĳڽһͼȨĿģףתΪ԰ѽȨġĿĵơ񵳵ĴһŬóɹ򡰽ȨġֽΡС˵һŰġеġʰƽȴһȫ෴壬ĽҲﵽǷ켫֮

    ʮһƻ˹ҽȨĸԲĵз硶̨ʡʱȡå취̨ʱڳư취淨䡶ʩϸ򡷵ȵȣѽ˲κλĽƣձܷѧСֱָƵġ䡱Ĺ̡

    Ľ£ԭеġáĽƣȻڿڿʵʩֹʽʵֻ֮ܳΪdictatorial constitutionalism

    ɷϵġáʵϵġڽɽ˵ġǣɽ㽵ġȨܡ룬ȴԽԽԶˣ

    ӰEQQȺ578505007wjm_tcyɵɣұ

    ӰEȺ437813363

    ֲݣɽӣwww.leeaoweb.com

    Դվŷleeao.net

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