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    ˲ŵһѧУóһλȻΪһխйϵĽintellectual arrogance

    ʮǰôӱƽ廪ѧУ߳óĹٷѣܵѧڼ䣬ѧλʮʹϹѧĲʿñӡֳɼһʺŬһȴ廪ѧУĹٷѣȫʱ䶼ѧĹϡ٣ѧģʱȥഺΪıĵΣҲ˵ΪʲôһѧǡӢԵñһá

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    ѧʱѧϵĳɾж

    һΪʦʮӢ˶ŸWilliam McDougallһµԹ鷨maze飬ʹӾʶԹоϴϰȾǷŴ´ȥλ۵ѧʦһιʻۡ

    Ĳʿġй֮γɣһѧоThe Formation of the Chinese PeopleAn Anthropological lnquiryڣǶйĿѧоĿɽⲿһһʮһִй˵ʣӴﵽĩǳصķչʮϵԴֲϱںϵۺϳйҪɷ֡ʮǰдⲿģõķͲϣǽойʷѧͨõķԾⲿĵڽֵǰʹȴʵԡ

    ⲿĶ˵õ岻ֹѧϵģ˻õˡḻĹȡõˡ

    뵽й֮γɼƶйʷʵ£һֱڻڻԾеʵҵ˵վˣҴӴ˵һֱȽϳ־õоȤȤɣ˴ĵľУõɷḻĹ⣻뻹ǿڹѧ꣬˼ĽӴеĢۡ

    ջʹĲž߳ͨרѧ֮ϣʹԱ⣬֪УνġÿһһЩ¡something of every thingܡ

    ڡ

    1923ûعϿѧִ̣ת廪廪оԺԽʦʸεʦλʦά㡣ʱʼڡġڡԽ𡢲ǵĹǿŹԣʱڣ

    һʱǺ֣صĿţ1924꣩ڶĽʶ£͵ʵ̷һͬڣΪ˵ңֻҵͷǢݡ

    ڶʱɽĿţΣ19251930꣩Ԭ˲յƬޣ֤ʵǰڲ֪֣һлƵ⻹˰˹Ĳϼ룬֤ʵ˵ʱвɣҵοţʹдˡʷǰŴ桷

    ʱǺϰĿţʮΣ19281937꣩ڿŵйѧйģá˼ʯȵŬջΪḻС͵ĹׯĹᡭʹǿ׷ǧǰǵƺšֺʯ̡Ͳ̡ûЩû˻֪ԡʰƽԺ֮й̵ѳףһɱϵˣȻǵͷʮһ飬ֿһߣ

    ķ򣬳С򱨸桷Ĳ⣬õҪġױࡶϼ⡶ʯͭǰ˹ǡȵδ档

    öԣҪʱ⣬1930괺ϾϼɽĹ飻ɽǼ͵붼ַĵ飻ǳ·ࣻ1932񡢱ڣĹܭʳǼ̫ѧַķ19381940ϴʮַķ19482̨Բɽַĵ飻8Ͷش׼̨Ӫַĵ顣

    ۺáڡһŬǲλģƻƶȥڡȥ顱ҲǲġҰ⣬Ͷڽڡѧо1928궬оԺʷоרоԱοʼʷŽ벩ԺﱸΡʹԺ¡̨ѧʷϵڡѧϵΡʹ벩ԺͼϹ£ϯɱͼѧĴ׶ء˹¸ĦīѧʢٴѧѧоԺʷо1955𣩡̨ѧѧϵΣ1949𣩡У1948𣬱ѡΪоԺԺʿ1938𣬱ѡΪӢʼѧоRoyal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and IrelandоԱHonorary FellowǡΪ⡱

    ѧо밮

    ̸Ϊ⡱ǿģҪ͹⣬ҪԼ⡣ʹԼİ취Ǳ۾󴵼ǧĻҪóųɡҪʹйİ취ȻѧоѧоùĺͶӵ۹ȥļֵܼɹٷָͳơоչµѧ㿴벻ʱ²͸ķͻȻǧ滨Сһڷѧ絽оϸʱû˻뵽֡ĵġϸоӦڷ͡ϡƵԺ󣬸׬ǮֵסշսԵ¹ɵͬģйż絽ڷʱҲû˻뵽֡ĵġڹоʲôãʮĹʷоʹǷʲôطʹңԶܵԱ⣬ĵĹ裬ܱȿͷںżҵġлʵЧɣԿλ

    йŴʷѧߣͬойִεѧһŶѸойӦöעⱱεıڵѡʷıǵ弰ĻԭʼԳûڡһšĻ羳硣ǧйʷѧңʼʵһ󵱣ΪйĻ嶼ǳϵ飻һĴӦþˣǸϵϼҡļĻġй⣬ޡɹšɹԼһЩлϢԵĵطʼǣŰЩطԶ͸塱ˡˣִ˶ңءһĹʷʣǳˡ

    ойʷѧΪְҵǣӦһµĿںţԳԷйĻۣǵ۾ǵȣԱȥйŴʷϡǸϵϼҢᡣ

    ѧоʹҵǸϵϼҡ˽⡶ʫҡĹңЩ漣һɫİ

    񡪡һԹΪѧойѧǷëǵģΪҪһֲ͸Զ桢ƻĹͶԴѧ顣ЩϣִһѧбȽϽӽһ磺ʮǰע⵽йƶ⣻ʮǰע⵽йͶ(11)ʮǰע⵽˷й(12)ʮǰע⵽һɲ˽˲е(13)Щ۵͹룬Ǻܲģǳһͨѧ߽ǵġܡġЩĹ۵㣬ȻʹǵˣܴӱеרҵΪѧĶѧͳ(14)ٴӶйȫ֯(15)ƽѧ˼룬ʹйִ

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    £߳իʼ50ڣдǿѧѧġġŸоˣЩƶѣ綡Ľ縵˹꣬һһˡʾ¼еĻɫݲ˵˶棬Ҳó˵˵⻰ѧ˼ˡЩʵġ⻰ñ¶뾫ԿʮǰдĻ

    е⣬йǷйѧйƽѧٵʱԼʱǺȻġһϣִйҪĿѧͬʱһᶨȴǣѧҪΪѧҵƣִĴʩԿúֵΪ塣ԽͶ̨ѧĿѡĿĿۣ־ԸڹѧԺǧˣҽԤƵǧˣũѧԺҲǧˣѧԺϵȫͶѧˡ֮ҪǿѧĳɼǿѧıǶڿѧ˼ı⣬ԲоȤû֮ѧΪ壬ѧΪõĹ

    һ£Ҫƽѧ˼룬ȷʵҪһʡĹֲܲ׷ʵйĹĻΪʲôûзѧһˡ

    Ĵǣ

    һйѧԡΪѧ߷壬ԡΪģֲйĻϵͳһĻϵͳɵ˼ϰߣȴ׷Ŀѧ˼е硣Ϊء񡱵Ľһгơλġ

    ɵͣԵһڣΪһسΪ˼б׼ı׼ı׼αΪòദϣ֮ΪʣԹ¹ƭ֮Իһ͵ϣѧ˼룬һ԰ֲͥһֻеȴϵ۴漣ˡ

    ӵйᣬͬʱûĿѧ˼롣

    ƶȣʹԡ顱ΪΨһĿꡣ

    һĿ׷󣬼ȡ׷󷽷ʹһ˼رһխķΧڣʵˣҲѹɽµߣ޷ʩչ

    ΪʲôأΪйνĶдֵİŪϷйͯʱѧԶӣˣ

    ǧйѧԺĴʸĩİ˹ɡֻһĺöӣǿԿй˵˼룬ҲֻһĶ˼롣

    ӱʲôк˲ٵУࣨйˣȤҳ룬ʣԶõĿ֣ϰõĿ֣ǷʲôֱھϵļֵҲȫͬģŷõļѧѵͽطչŷ޵Ŀѧ˾Ĵʸѧϰͽطչйİ˹ɡ˹ѧĻһĶ

    йƶȵĴڰһѵŶ˵ı֮ҵȻ٣ǣأҲѹѧϰ˵ԡҲû˼˵߼ԶزݣǣΪйϻִѧֵġ綨ɡʮ֤ˣΪ˼ϰ߶ڳǰɵģĽͯʱעȫǡ㵾ڶŸԭǡ춹๲Ϸ֦һһ飬Ҫ˵˽ҲʿҲһĻһҪо⻰ǳʥˡ˵оģΪѾΪˣǿһ߼Եġ

    Щ˵й˵˼ģʽһѪĵơй˵ԴСûСС顱ûС̸ǧν֮ѧҲһЩ֮ѧأȻѧûǵķݣֻáϷ֦

    ֵ̬ȣҲ谭йѧ˼뷢չİʯ

    й˶ֵ̬ȣƺֻһС߿һھʯʱ˶ǻڶѨıڻֵ̬ȣǵ俴Ϊ־޵飬㽵ִ͸ȥĶִıԴһš⻹ǱȽ˵ġһģǹȥȷΪص֮¡ص仰ǲ׼Լ򵥵Ľ͵ģ˵ߣֻ֮ˣƽˣԼ󸻹ȣƺҲûкܴķֱйĸ֪֮˵ʼû뿪鱾ӺԶ˵ص˵¡

    šֳݣʹй˲۹桢˷ȻʵӴ̽աҰɼʵ飬ֻڡơֽ֮Ҳӵĸ֪һҲ񡱲

    Ϊ谭йѧ˼뷢չԭδתԾһƵıݣ߼ѵԾȡϷĵλѧ鱾ȦȦǣڷƪйƽѧ˼ļ⡷Ժ꣬۵дġĻɳĮ

    ڡĻɳĮøɴָ

    ʵһ˵ɣʮйʩеĸߵȽõĽʹߵȽ̱ơһ˵

    ֱ۵ľԺ

    йߵȽԽӽ̱ԵʣȻӦɺöڵνͣоٵģԭ򣬻ӦǵԼѰҡ

    ԼĴͳĻ֪ʶ༴νѧ֪ʶûеλġ٣֪ʶֻĩһ㣬Ҳͬļ⡣ǴͳĻ˵ûС֪ʶǵԡûС֪ʶЩǵĴͳĻڡԡ롰Ĺ۾ߡ׷֪ʶˡ˵ĻֻһĽ˲СʢС齳һʣͿԷӦһ[]ڹȥһʦ𾴣ΪʦĻǡνߣ˵봿⡰֪ʶеĹϵڵʦҪ֪ʶˡǵĵλҲɡؾʦġʦһΪ̡ġ̡ˡһ£һ˵УҲֹԵûʲôֱ

    ᳫѧĻȽӣƺڡ֪ʶû㹻ֱڣй󲿷ֵˣԲš֪ʶԷǵý͢격ʿǰ̨꣬ݣԹҵΪ⣬ѡ֪ʶĲԽϸߵĹۡڹʶĳϣ˵ֻһȫһ֣ҪĲ֡һݣò

    ڶ̨ĻɳĮ״̬ߵȽ̱ﲻʵĽ취һƺҲĮġԶǣֻǵĶŮͳ͵ȥ׬ˣԼ˵İְ֡趫ڵ䣩̨ǵȻԸŮą̊́ġٹʮ꣬ǵĴѧҲҪˣȫʣҵ£ϵĽڽظˡ˥ˡܽˣˡǽ̵ͽܣһĶ󣬲Ըܻ׼ǽѾǲάһ͵Ľѧ׼ˣԹ۵Ѿ˵̨ĻɳĮˡݱȥǾͬ͡ڴѧǣŶ֤⻰û˵ù֡ҪһӵƣǾԵزҳһ⻹ǣǶִѧ֪ʶʣûʶʲôûõġ

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    ֻ͡š˵Ҳòȡһµһ㲻ףǳǶԡִѧ֪ʶʡȱʶ⣬Ƿһӵơأ仰˵һӵơɣø⣬ѧѧˣǸ߾쵼λѧˣǷҲøΣ

    ǵĴǿ϶ģǾø߾쵼λѧˣӱӦΣܰѶȫƣҲȫơǾδ̫ˡԼˣ

    ΪϣҶᣬҲδһִٽ³´лķӣȻԵòߡĽһ֡͵ӣѾǵ磬ǲܹǵĵ̣ЩʧأȻҲлɼޣ˵̫֮ƽңΪͽ׹顰硱ѧأǿȥȴжٴľйѧʹǴһͳҲǡȺ۸ݡĳ棬ضԷΧƽṲ档

    ֡Ⱥ۸ݡĳ棬ʮʮѾݽɡȺϡݡġӵơƵ䶳£δһЩ˻п

    йġˣǡѧأ

    ΪйѧǶеΪѧǺͲ̣ΪԡʮһաԺԺѧ;ԣһгֳ֣ڲֻ֮䣬ʵ޻ɼޣҲޡ硱ӡ

    ʷĽʮѧûСѡûС䡱ûС췴ҲûСֻа׷ɳ

    ʱɳĮߴԹ̨ĻɳĮ״̬ߵȽ̱ﲻʵĽ취һƺҲĮġֻҲáһڡҲգƺҪԩΪβơ

    õĿʵ飬ǽĻɳĮһ侮ʦҲִյˡǣ޷侮

    һü̳⸱²빤ߣ޷ʩչѧϽڣ޷ǴҲûУѲ侮ֻѳסˮԴšأһãץģ

    ڶˣ䡢벡飬ʹʩչ˷ˡжʱҲˡǡֱСstraight(16)ˣйᣬȻԵò죬ϣȻⱻһЩͷ񡱡ݡṩϣǣ䷽ȻҲͲѳ֡

    ԸĲʺ쵼ġȱ磬ûвԪӺݡûжĽľûк֮СºͿҲûи˹Ӳ塣Ըһ棬ףʱխС̬Ȱרᣩ࣬ѧscholarshipǺõģϹĿεˣϸ½п࣬Ҳʦ٣Hootonһϸ߳˽ңҹȷչʱȻԿϴľ棨֮٣ڴˣԹ쵼ˣӺݡСºͿӲκһ¯ģϡȥŶã򲻸ãʮֽͷ

    ڣʮֽͷܵѵֵˮ׼γ֪ĻɳĮҪѧ磿γϸ۵ǬѧιѧѧˣγԸԮһѧѧγ̨ѧоԺγԸʵи˹ġμ塱(17)޸߲ǣһһУԽ˵Ǳϲ԰ף԰Ρ

    õıйѧ˻õĹĻɳĮһع⡣ڻع֮УǿһƬߵɫһƬɫ˵ƺҹȥǵȴģֻǻعźһյ

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    ãĴѧѧ16ڣ1962111գ̨棩

    ڹʱУLowellΪĿʹ֪ܽһЩÿһºÿһһЩ¡Every thing of somethingand something of every thingǰרǲѧ

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    ޲Ļ緢֣1921£ںųصش塣οáйʷǰĻ½־211ڣ1951615գ̨棩

    Щʷʵͨ׽ܣο׹ѧʮ꡷19557£̨ӡݰ棩ҳ49һιʷؽͨ׽ܣ1961929Life־ϣͼĲïġThe Robust Life of The Shang

    η˺ַ֤ǰйغһһָĻȤĻɽĻйͨ׽ܿɿСйʷǰʱ֮о194812£Ϻӡݰ棩ҳ42-50167-186һõģȻǽҮ³ѧ棬ŹֱArchaeology of Ancient ChinaرעдǰеΣһѧĽ

    ãСͳ֮ͭƪġą̇̄ѧʷѧ4ڣ195212£̨棩

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